Lack of evidence for conserved parasegmental grooves in arthropods

Abstract

In the arthropod model species Drosophila melanogaster, a dipteran fly, segmentation of the anterior–posterior body axis is under control of a hierarchic gene cascade. Segmental boundaries that form morphological grooves are established posteriorly within the segmental expression domain of the segment-polarity gene (SPG) engrailed (en). More important for the development of the fly, however, are the parasegmental boundaries that are established at the interface of en expressing cells and anteriorly adjacent wingless (wg) expressing cells. In Drosophila, both segmental and transient parasegmental grooves form. The latter are positioned anterior to the expression of en. Although the function of the SPGs in establishing and maintaining segmental and parasegmental boundaries is highly conserved among arthropods, parasegmental grooves have only been reported for Drosophila, and a spider (Cupiennius salei). Here, we present new data on en expression, and re-evaluate published data, from four distantly related spiders, including Cupiennius, and a distantly related chelicerate, the harvestman Phalangium opilio. Gene expression analysis of en genes in these animals does not corroborate the presence of parasegmental grooves. Consequently, our data question the general presence of parasegmental grooves in arthropods.

An atlas of spider development at single-cell resolution provides new insights into arthropod embryogenesis

“…[g16651] [83] and noto1 [44] This suggests that as cells progress anteriorly from the SAZ, ventral determinants are expressed as segments begin to mature. Following this, module 1 relates to the posterior compartment cells, expressing en, hemicentin and gas [g1575], as well as an en paralog engrailed-2 [aug3.g15983], which is also expressed in segmental stripes in posterior compartment cells [23,44,84].…”