Lack of emotional gaze preferences using eye-tracking in remitted bipolar I disorder

Purcell, J.; Lohani, Monika; Musket, Christie; Hay, Aleena C.; Isaacowitz, Derek M.; Gruber, June

doi:10.1186/s40345-018-0123-y

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…bipolar disorder; e.g. García-Blanco et al, 2014;2017;Leyman et al, 2009;Purcell et al, 2018). Our participants likely differ in several important dimensions from the clinically recruited BD populations in these studies that may explain observed differences, including age, medication status, prior depression history and common comorbid disorders, as well as the effects of sustained illness duration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Associations between hypomania proneness and attentional bias to happy, but not angry or fearful, faces in emerging adults

Gruber

Maclaine

Avard

et al. 2020

Cognition and Emotion

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Mania, the core feature of bipolar disorder, is associated with heightened and positive emotion responding. Yet, little is known about the underlying cognitive processes that may contribute to heightened positive emotionality observed. Additionally, while previous research has investigated positive emotion biases in non-clinical samples, few if any, account for subthreshold clinical symptoms or traits, which have reliably assessed psychopathological risk. The present study compared continuous scores on a widely used self-report measure of hypomania proneness (HPS-48) with a dot-probe task to investigate attentional biases for happy, angry, fearful, and neutral faces among 66 college student participants. Results suggested that hypomania proneness was positively associated with attentional bias towards happy, but not angry or fearful faces. Results remained robust when controlling for positive affect and did not appear to be affected by negative affect or current symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress. Findings provide insight into potential behavioural markers that co-occur with heightened positive emotional responding and hypomania in emerging adults.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Associations between hypomania proneness and attentional bias to happy, but not angry or fearful, faces in emerging adults

Gruber

Maclaine

Avard

et al. 2020

Cognition and Emotion

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“…In contrast, some studies find no evidence of positive biases (e.g. Peckham et al, 2016;Purcell et al, 2018), while others find that some with bipolar disorder show negative biases and negative appraisals of internal states (e.g. Lyon et al, 1999;Mansell et al, 2007).…”

Section: Interpretation Bias and Bipolar Disordermentioning

confidence: 95%

Looking on the bright side and seeing it vividly: interpretation bias and involuntary mental imagery are related to risk for bipolar disorder

Peckham

Modavi

Johnson

2019

Behav. Cogn. Psychother.

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Background:Involuntary mental imagery is elevated among people with bipolar disorder, and has been shown to shape biases in interpretation of ambiguous information. However, it is not clear whether biases in interpretation of ambiguous scenarios can be observed in those at risk for bipolar disorder, or whether involuntary imagery is related to such a bias.Aims:In the present study, we extended a prominent model of bipolar cognition to an at-risk sample. We specifically tested whether positive interpretation bias and involuntary mental imagery are linked to a greater risk of bipolar disorder.Method:Young adults (N = 169) completed measures of risk for bipolar disorder (the Hypomanic Personality Scale [HPS]), interpretation bias, and involuntary mental imagery.Results:Higher scores on the HPS were significantly correlated with more positive interpretations of ambiguous scenarios (β = 0.29, p <. 01) and more frequent involuntary mental imagery (β = 0.22, p < .01). There was no evidence of an interaction between interpretation bias and mental imagery in predicting HPS score, β = .04, p = .62.Conclusions:Further research is warranted to determine if intrusive imagery or interpretation bias influence the development of bipolar disorder over time in those at risk.

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“…Eye gaze in particular has been identified as playing a key role in communication, with infants showing a preference for direct gaze from birth (Farroni et al, 2002 ). The role that eye gaze plays in social interaction has been studied across a variety of fields, including typical and atypical child development (Baron-Cohen, 1997 ; Morales et al, 2000 ), mental health conditions [including schizophrenia (Dowiasch et al, 2016 ); posttraumatic stress disorder (Lazarov et al, 2019 ), and bipolar disorder (Purcell et al, 2018 )], primates (Ryan et al, 2019 ) and human-robot interaction (Admoni and Scassellati, 2017 ). Additionally, eye gaze has been studied with different theoretical and methodological approaches from neuroscience (Sato et al, 2016 ) to sociology (McCarthy et al, 2008 ), producing a rich variety of data but complicating the conclusions that can be drawn about the role of eye-gaze in conversation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Eye Gaze in Regulating Turn Taking in Conversations: A Systematized Review of Methods and Findings

Degutyte

Astell

2021

Front. Psychol.

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Eye gaze plays an important role in communication but understanding of its actual function or functions and the methods used to elucidate this have varied considerably. This systematized review was undertaken to summarize both the proposed functions of eye gaze in conversations of healthy adults and the methodological approaches employed. The eligibility criteria were restricted to a healthy adult population and excluded studies that manipulated eye gaze behavior. A total of 29 articles—quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods were returned, with a wide range of methodological designs. The main areas of variability related to number of conversants, their familiarity and status, conversation topic, data collection tools—video and eye tracking—and definitions of eye gaze. The findings confirm that eye gaze facilitates turn yielding, plays a role in speech monitoring, prevents and repairs conversation breakdowns and facilitates intentional and unintentional speech interruptions. These findings were remarkably consistent given the variability in methods across the 29 articles. However, in relation to turn initiation, the results were less consistent, requiring further investigation. This review provides a starting point for future studies to make informed decisions about study methods for examining eye gaze and selecting variables of interest.

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Lack of emotional gaze preferences using eye-tracking in remitted bipolar I disorder

Cited by 7 publications

References 86 publications

Associations between hypomania proneness and attentional bias to happy, but not angry or fearful, faces in emerging adults

Associations between hypomania proneness and attentional bias to happy, but not angry or fearful, faces in emerging adults

Looking on the bright side and seeing it vividly: interpretation bias and involuntary mental imagery are related to risk for bipolar disorder

The Role of Eye Gaze in Regulating Turn Taking in Conversations: A Systematized Review of Methods and Findings

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