Lack of Effect of Sugar Cane and Sunflower Seed Policosanols on Plasma Cholesterol in Rabbits

Murphy, Karen; Saint, David A.; Howe, Peter R. C.

doi:10.1080/07315724.2008.10719728

Cited by 14 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The data presented for the NEP group are consistent with recent studies showing the lack of policosanol effect in modifying total or LDLcholesterol (Greyling et al, 2006;Berthold et al, 2006;Dulin et al, 2006;Kassis and Jones, 2006;Francini-Pesenti et al, 2008a;Francini-Pesenti et al, 2008b;Kassis et al, 2007;Murphy et al, 2008), considering that the supplementation of rats with 100 mg/kg body weight of NEP, the same form of administration in previously reported investigations, did not alter lipid concentrations when compared to the control group. Nevertheless, the OAEP group exhibited significantly lower concentrations of plasmatic LDL-cholesterol, as the primary endpoint, and total cholesterol, as the secondary endpoint, in normocholesterolemic rats after 5 weeks of treatment.…”

Section: The Oleic Acid Esterification Of Policosanol Increases Its Bsupporting

confidence: 80%

The oleic acid esterification of policosanol increases its bioavailability and hypocholesterolemic action in rats

Haim¹,

Valenzuela²,

Brañes³

et al. 2012

Grasas y Aceites

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(DH, and AV); d Naturalis S.A., Santiago, Chile (MCB, and MF) *Corresponding author: dnhaim@miuandes.cl RESUMEN La esterificación de ácido oleico en policosanoles aumenta su biodisponibilidad y el efecto hipocolesterolémico en ratasLos Policosanoles están formados por una mezcla de alcoholes alifáticos de cadena larga y se obtienen de las ceras de la caña de azúcar. Más de cincuenta estudios indican que los policosanoles reducen el colesterol sérico, mientras que otros no logran reproducir este efecto. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la biodisponibilidad de policosanoles esterificados y no esterificados (NEP), en relación con sus efectos hipocolesterolémicos. Para ello, a ratas Sprague Dawley se les administró una dosis oral diaria de 100 mg kg -1 de NEP, 117 mg kg -1 de policosanoles esterificados con ácido butírico (BAEP), ó 164 mg kg -1 de policosanoles esterificados con ácido oleico (OAEP). La absorción de los policosanoles se evaluó en el plasma entre 0 y 3 horas después de la ingestión. Para evaluar los cambios en el colesterol total, colesterol-LDL, colesterol-HDL y triglicéridos en el plasma y en la fosforilación de la hígado 3-hidroxi-3-metilglutaril coenzima A reductasa (HMG-CoA red), la ingesta de las ratas fue suplementada con policosanoles no esterificados o esterificados durante 5 semanas. Los resultados indicaron que la absorción de los policosanoles fue significativamente mayor en las ratas tratadas con los OAEP que en las sometidas a los NEP o las que se les administró BAEP. Los OAEP redujeron significativamente el colesterol plasmático total y el colesterol-LDL de las ratas, además de aumentar 5.6 veces (P < 0,05) sobre los valores control, en el contenido hepático de la HMG-CoA fosforilada red. En conclusión, la esterificación de policosanoles con ácido oleico aumenta la biodisponibilidad de los policosanoles, y mejora significativamente el perfil de lípidos séricos en ratas normocolesterolémicos en asociación con la inactivación de la colesterogénesis control HMG-CoA red. PALABRAS-CLAVE: Absorción de Policosanoles -Biodisponibilidad -Efecto reductor de colesterol -Octacosanol -Policosanol -Triacontanol -Ratas. SUMMARY The oleic acid esterification of policosanol increases its bioavailability and hypocholesterolemic action in ratsPolicosanol comprises a mixture of long-chain aliphatic alcohols from sugarcane wax. More than 50 studies indicate that policosanol decreases serum cholesterol, while others failed to reproduce this effect. The objective of this investigation was to assess the bioavailability of esterified policosanol and non-esterified policosanol (NEP), in relation to their hypocholesterolemic effects. Sprague Dawley rats were given a daily oral dose of 100 mg/kg of NEP, 117 mg kg -1 of butyric acid esterified policosanol (BAEP), or 164 mg kg -1 of oleic acid esterified policosanol (OAEP). Policosanol absorption was evaluated in plasma between 0 and 3 hours after ingestion. To assess changes in total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDLcholesterol and triacylglycerols in ...

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Section: The Oleic Acid Esterification Of Policosanol Increases Its Bsupporting

confidence: 80%

The oleic acid esterification of policosanol increases its bioavailability and hypocholesterolemic action in rats

Haim¹,

Valenzuela²,

Brañes³

et al. 2012

Grasas y Aceites

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“…Similarly, human policosanol feeding trials (Menendez et al, 2000c;Castano et al, 2001b;Mirkin et al, 2001;Castaño et al, 2002) have shown reductions of up to 20% and 30% in TC and low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels respectively, depending on dose and duration of SCP treatment. However, laboratories external to the original Cuban research group have failed to reproduce the results of original research in studies using hamsters , rabbits (Murphy et al, 2004), as well as in human clinical trials on hypercholesterolemic volunteers (Lin et al, 2004;Reiner et al, 2005). Despite similar octacosanol content, potential explanations for the disparity in results of studies conducted outside of Cuba may lie in the fact that the policosanol mixtures used in these trials differed in minor alcohol content Lin et al, 2004;Murphy et al, 2004;Reiner et al, 2005;Greyling et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Although TC and LDL-C levels had increased in the SCP group, the values were 35% and 38%, respectively, lower than the control group . More recently, independent research groups which have taken interest in studying policosanols failed to reproduce these results Murphy et al, 2004;. In a study conducted by Wang et al in 2003, golden Syrian hamsters were fed 25 mg/kg of SCP (Degussa Bioactives, Germany) alone and in combination with plant sterols for a period of 4 weeks.…”

Section: Animal Studies Investigating Policosanol Efficacymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the impressive initial results for PC, for the most part, research groups outside of Cuba using alternative sources of PC (APC) derived from either sugarcane or non-sugarcane sources have been unable to reproduce the initial reports in animals Murphy et al, 2004;Wang et al, 2005) or in humans (Lin et al, 2004;Reiner et al, 2005;Berthold et al, 2006;Greyling et al, 2006). The relative composition of the OPC supplement has been published indicating a purity of ≥ 90% with octacosanol (C-28) being the most abundant PC (60-70%), followed by triacontanol (C-30;10-15%), hexacosanol (C-26; 4.5-10%), dotriacontanol (C-32; 3-8%), heptacosanol (C-27; ≤ 5%), tetracosanol (C-24; ≤ 2%), nonacosanol (C-29; ≤ 2%), and tetratriacontanol (C-34; ≤ 2%) (Mas, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, laboratories external to the original Cuban research group have failed to reproduce the results of original research in studies using hamsters , rabbits (Murphy et al, 2004), as well as in human clinical trials on hypercholesterolemic volunteers (Lin et al, 2004;Reiner et al, 2005). Despite similar octacosanol content, potential explanations for the disparity in results of studies conducted outside of Cuba may lie in the fact that the policosanol mixtures used in these trials differed in minor alcohol content Lin et al, 2004;Murphy et al, 2004;Reiner et al, 2005;Greyling et al, 2006). To date, independent laboratories have only conducted two human studies examining the effects of the Dalmer policosanol mixture on the lipid profile (Berthold et al, 2006;.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of cholesterol-lowering and antioxidant properties of sugar cane policosanols in hamsters and humans

Kassis

2008

Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.

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Atherosclerosis prevention is now a major focus of the scientific community and the pharmaceutical industry. Sugar cane policosanols (SCP) have gained increasing popularity over the last decade as a result of numerous studies conducted in Cuba considering SCP as the natural alternative to statin drugs. However, independent research on policosanols was not able to replicate cholesterol reductions reported by Cuban laboratories. No independent study to date has examined the cholesterol-lowering effect and antioxidant capacity of original SCP in humans. In addition, since independent research was criticized because of the use of alternative policosanol formulations, the source and composition of policosanol mixtures are now at the core of the policosanol controversy.The aim of the present thesis project was first to compare the composition and cholesterol-lowering effects of different SCP preparations in hamsters, and secondly to test the cholesterol-lowering efficacy, mechanism of action and antioxidant capacity of the original Cuban SCP in hypercholesterolemic humans.Study 1: Forty-eight male hamsters were randomly assigned to 4 groups for a period of 4 weeks (i) non-cholesterol control, (ii) cholesterol control, (iii) original SCP and (iv) alternative SCP. Hamsters were sacrificed and blood was collected at the end of the feeding period for lipid measurements.Study 2: Twenty-one hypercholesterolemic volunteers consumed 10 mg/day of SCP or a placebo for a period of 28 days in a crossover trial. Plasma lipid levels and LDL oxidation were measured at the start and end of supplementation phases. Cholesterol absorption and synthesis were assessed using single isotope single tracer technique and deuterium incorporation respectively.There was no significant difference in cholesterol-lowering efficacy between hamsters in the original and alternative SCP groups relative to control. Similarly, in hypercholesterolemic humans, original SCP supplementation did not significantly improve lipid parameters and no change in cholesterol absorption or synthesis was observed relative to control. In vivo assessment of LDL oxidation showed no significant changes in oxidized LDL concentration relative to baseline and control.

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Effect of sugar cane policosanol on lipid profile in primary hypercholesterolemia

Francini-Pesenti

Beltramolli

Dall’Acqua

et al. 2007

Phytotherapy Research

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Policosanol, a mixture of long-chain aliphatic primary alcohols, is used as a cholesterol-lowering supplement. The effectiveness of policosanol is still questionable. To determine the lipoprotein-lowering effects of Cuban sugar cane-derived policosanol a double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled trial was performed. Sixty-eight primary hypercholesterolemic subjects were enrolled and randomly assigned to the treatment or to the control group. The first group received sugar cane policosanol 20 mg daily for 8 weeks, while the control group was treated with placebo. All subjects followed a normocaloric diet. The content of policosanol in the supplement tablets was assessed by gas chromatography. A total of 32 subjects in the policosanol group and 31 subjects in the control group completed the study. Body mass index, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride plasma levels did not change significantly in either group. In conclusion, sugar cane policosanol at doses of 20 mg daily showed no lipid lowering effects in subjects with primary hypercholesterolemia.

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Lack of Effect of Sugar Cane and Sunflower Seed Policosanols on Plasma Cholesterol in Rabbits

Cited by 14 publications

References 33 publications

The oleic acid esterification of policosanol increases its bioavailability and hypocholesterolemic action in rats

The oleic acid esterification of policosanol increases its bioavailability and hypocholesterolemic action in rats

Evaluation of cholesterol-lowering and antioxidant properties of sugar cane policosanols in hamsters and humans

Effect of sugar cane policosanol on lipid profile in primary hypercholesterolemia

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