Lack of correlation between AT frequency and genome size in higher plants and the effect of nonrandomness of base sequences on dye binding

Barow, Martin; Meister, Armin

doi:10.1002/cyto.10030

Cited by 100 publications

(108 citation statements)

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“…The frequency of AT bases (AT content) in the genome DNA was estimated by the method described in Barow & Meister (2002). We defined the 2C AT value as the estimated AT content per holoploid genome.…”

Section: Estimation Of Nuclear Dna Amount and At Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The relative 2C AT value was derived from the flow cytometry data after DAPI staining by comparison with the standard in the same manner as the relative 2C value after PI staining. We estimated the AT content using the correlation between the 2C AT value of a sample relative to the standard and the 2C value of the sample relative to the standard (Barow & Meister 2002, Yamanouchi et al 2010 In this report, however, we have assumed that 14 is the basic number according to conventional practice. In the Japanese Gene Bank, M. notabilis is listed as both diploid and triploid cultivars.…”

Section: Estimation Of Nuclear Dna Amount and At Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nuclear DNA Amounts of Mulberries (<i>Morus </i>spp.) and Related Species

Yamanouchi

Kôyama

Machii

2017

JARQ

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higher plants (Otto 2007, Wood et al. 2009). Diploid Morus species, such as M. acidosa, M. alba, M. atropurpurea, M. bombycis, M. indica, M. kagayamae, M. latifolia and M. rotundiloba, have 2n = 2x = 28 (Datta 1954, Osawa 1920, Tahara 1909. Although fertile diploid individuals form the large majority in these species, some infertile or poorly fertile triploids occur in their populations (Machii et al. 2001, Osawa 1920. Triploid (2n = 3x = 42) and tetraploid (2n = 4x = 56) forms have also been identified in M. laevigata (Das 1961, Datta 1954. M. boninensis is tetraploid (Koyama et al. 1998). Hexaploid species (2n = 6x = 84), such as M. serrata (Basavaiah et al. 1989) and M. tiliaefolia (Seki 1952) are known, and polyploidy can extend to docosaploidy (2n = 22x = 308) as in M. nigra (Basavaiah et al. 1990, Darlington & La Cour 1947, Seki JARQ 51 (4), 299-307 (2017 AbstractMulberries (Morus spp.) include species that are generally diploid but may also occasionally exist in the triploid state ("diploid" species), and others that naturally have different levels of ploidy ("polyploid" species). In the present study, we measured the nuclear DNA amounts in 271 cultivars or strains of 15 mulberry species (nine diploid and six polyploid species) using flow cytometry. A wide range of interspecific 2C DNA values was observed, with the largest being 10.8 times higher than the smallest. Intraspecific differences in 1Cx values, a measure of the monoploid genome size, were within 11% for all species examined. Interspecific variation in 1Cx values was within 28% for all mulberry species in this study. The variation of 1Cx values in polyploid species was larger than that in diploid species. Among the diploid species, the 1Cx values of species native to the Japanese islands were higher than those that originated from East Asia on the Asian continent. The 2C values of other species of Moraceae and Cannabaceae were also estimated, and a wide variation was found.

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Section: Estimation Of Nuclear Dna Amount and At Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Estimation Of Nuclear Dna Amount and At Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nuclear DNA Amounts of Mulberries (<i>Morus </i>spp.) and Related Species

Yamanouchi

Kôyama

Machii

2017

JARQ

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“…The applicability of DAPI staining in absolute DNA amount measurements clashes with unbalanced proportion of different bases in the genome. BarOW & MeiSter (2002) have shown that the proportion of AT:GC-rich regions in higher plants is not equal between families nor species. The intraspecific differences were also documented by ŠMarda et al (2008) on fescues which range from 42.53% to 46.41%.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of DNA content in freshwater microalgae using flow cytometry: a modified protocol for selected green microalgae.

Mazalová

Šarhanová²,

Ondřej³

et al. 2011

Fottea

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Abstract:The study of genome size variation in microalgae lags behind that of comparable research in higher plants and seaweeds. This situation is essentially caused by: (1) difficulties in obtaining sufficient biomass for experiments; (2) problems with protoplast isolation due to cell-wall heterogeneity and complexity; and (3) the absence of suitable standards for routine measurements. We propose a multi-step protocol that leads to the quantification of DNA content in desmids using flow cytometry. We present detailed culture conditions, the minimal biomass necessary for three repetitive measurements, a method to isolate protoplasts and selection of suitable standards. Our protocol, which is mainly based on studies with higher plants and commercially available enzyme mixtures, is useful in Streptophyta, especially members of the Zygnematophyceae, because of their close phylogenetic relationship to higher plants, in particular the similarity of their cell wall organization. Moreover, the suggested protocol also works for some Chlorophyta (Chloroidium ellipsoideum, Tetraselmis subcordiformis) and Heterokontophyta (Tribonema vulgare). We suggest and characterize a new standard for flow cytometry of microalgae (Micrasterias pinnatifida). Modification of the enzyme mixture is probably necessary for microalgae whose cell walls are surrounded by a mucilaginous envelope (Planktosphaeria), those that contain alganan (Chlorella), monads with a pellicle or chlamys (Euglena, Chlamydomonas). While we did not anticipate any success with diatoms (Pinnularia), because of their silica frustules, the enzyme mixture also failed for some other green microalgae (Xanthidium, Kentrosphaera, Stigeoclonium, Trentepohlia and Pseudendoclonium).

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“…Cytometry can be used to assess the degree of polysomaty and endoreduplication [48], reproduction pathways [49], and cell cycle [47]. In reference [50] detected mixoploidy (variable amounts of DNA in tissue) and aneuploidy (variations in a small number of chromosomes) by flow cytometry [51].…”

Section: Other Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%