Lack of bone stiffness/strength contribution to osteoarthritis--evidence for primary role of cartilage damage

Rothschild, Bruce M.; Panza, R. K.

doi:10.1093/rheumatology/kel263

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…). Following these lines, Rothschild & Panza () investigated whether the degree of laminarity was a possible risk factor in bird lower limb bones with osteoarthritis, although they found no link present. If canal orientation is driven by the forces of functional loading we would expect to find similar orientation patterns in both bats and birds, with a higher laminar index in the humerus than in the femur.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other evidence for canal orientation responding to loading patterns exists in humans (Hert et al 1994;Petrt yl et al 1996) where slight deviations to longitudinal orientations of canals are thought to reflect bending as the dominant loading force, and in rats where a 6-month period of paralysis of a limb (removing all loading) dramatically alters the orientation of vascular canals (Britz et al 2012). Following these lines, Rothschild & Panza (2007) investigated whether the degree of laminarity was a possible risk factor in bird lower limb bones with osteoarthritis, although they found no link present. If canal orientation is driven by the forces of functional loading we would expect to find similar orientation patterns in both bats and birds, with a higher laminar index in the humerus than in the femur.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interpreting the three‐dimensional orientation of vascular canals and cross‐sectional geometry of cortical bone in birds and bats

et al. 2018

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Cortical bone porosity and specifically the orientation of vascular canals is an area of growing interest in biomedical research and comparative/paleontological anatomy. The potential to explain microstructural adaptation is of great interest. However, the determinants of the development of canal orientation remain unclear. Previous studies of birds have shown higher proportions of circumferential canals (called laminarity) in flight bones than in hindlimb bones, and interpreted this as a sign that circumferential canals are a feature for resistance to the torsional loading created by flight. We defined the laminarity index as the percentage of circumferential canal length out of the total canal length. In this study we examined the vascular canal network in the humerus and femur of a sample of 31 bird and 24 bat species using synchrotron micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT) to look for a connection between canal orientation and functional loading. The use of micro‐CT provides a full three‐dimensional (3D) map of the vascular canal network and provides measurements of the 3D orientation of each canal in the whole cross‐section of the bone cortex. We measured several cross‐sectional geometric parameters and strength indices including principal and polar area moments of inertia, principal and polar section moduli, circularity, buckling ratio, and a weighted cortical thickness index. We found that bat cortices are relatively thicker and poorly vascularized, whereas those of birds are thinner and more highly vascularized, and that according to our cross‐sectional geometric parameters, bird bones have a greater resistance to torsional stress than the bats; in particular, the humerus in birds is more adapted to resist torsional stresses than the femur. Our results show that birds have a significantly (P = 0.031) higher laminarity index than bats, with birds having a mean laminarity index of 0.183 in the humerus and 0.232 in the femur, and bats having a mean laminarity index of 0.118 in the humerus and 0.119 in the femur. Counter to our expectation, the birds had a significantly higher laminarity index in the femur than in the humerus (P = 0.035). To evaluate whether this discrepancy was a consequence of methodology we conducted a comparison between our 3D method and an analogue to two‐dimensional (2D) histological measurements. This comparison revealed that 2D methods significantly underestimate (P < 0.001) the amount of longitudinal canals by an average of 20% and significantly overestimate (P < 0.001) the laminarity index by an average of 7.7%, systematically mis‐estimating indices of vascular canal orientations. In comparison with our 3D results, our approximated 2D measurement had the same results for comparisons between the birds and bats but found significant differences only in the longitudinal index between the humerus and the femur for both groups. The differences between our 3D and pseudo‐2D results indicate that differences between our findings and the literature may be partially based in methodology...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interpreting the three‐dimensional orientation of vascular canals and cross‐sectional geometry of cortical bone in birds and bats

et al. 2018

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“…Dermal bones differentiate osteoblasts directly via intramembranous ossification, but chondral bones form by endochondral ossification, during which developing chondrocytes and an overlying osteogenic epithelium, the perichondrium, interact (Eames et al, 2003). Understanding how these cell types signal each other and how proteoglycans play structural roles is important because impaired signaling between chondrocytes and osteoprogenitors can lead to osteoarthritis, a disease in which bone spurs replace cartilage in many people over age 65 (Ala-Kokko et al, 1990; Kizawa et al, 2005; Knowlton et al, 1990; Rothschild and Panza, 2007). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

UDP xylose synthase 1 is required for morphogenesis and histogenesis of the craniofacial skeleton

Eames

Singer

Smith

et al. 2010

Developmental Biology

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UDP-xylose synthase (Uxs1) is strongly conserved from bacteria to humans, but because no mutation has been studied in any animal, we do not understand its roles in development. Furthermore, no crystal structure has been published. Uxs1 synthesizes UDP-xylose, which initiates glycosaminoglycan attachment to a protein core during proteoglycan formation. Crystal structure and biochemical analyses revealed that an R233H substitution mutation in zebrafish uxs1 alters an arginine buried in the dimer interface, thereby destabilizing and, as enzyme assays show, inactivating the enzyme. Homozygous uxs1 mutants lack Alcian blue-positive, proteoglycan-rich extracellular matrix in cartilages of the neurocranium, pharyngeal arches, and pectoral girdle. Transcripts for uxs1 localize to skeletal domains at hatching. GFP-labeled neural crest cells revealed defective organization and morphogenesis of chondrocytes, perichondrium, and bone in uxs1 mutants. Proteoglycans were dramatically reduced and defectively localized in uxs1 mutants. Although col2a1a transcripts over-accumulated in uxs1 mutants, diminished quantities of Col2a1 protein suggested a role for proteoglycans in collagen secretion or localization. Expression of col10a1, indian hedgehog, and patched was disrupted in mutants, reflecting improper chondrocyte/perichondrium signaling. Up-regulation of sox9a, sox9b, and runx2b in mutants suggested a molecular mechanism consistent with a role for proteoglycans in regulating skeletal cell fate. Together, our data reveal time-dependent changes to gene expression in uxs1 mutants that support a signaling role for proteoglycans during at least two distinct phases of skeletal development. These investigations are the first to examine the effect of mutation on the structure and function of Uxs1 protein in any vertebrate embryos, and reveal that Uxs1 activity is essential for the production and organization of skeletal extracellular matrix, with consequent effects on cartilage, perichondral, and bone morphogenesis.

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“…Much attention to arthropathy in faunal assemblages focuses on cattle and caprines, but birds have not been neglected (Bartosiewicz and Gál 2013: 232), particularly as joint-specific analogues for understanding the aetiology and pathogenesis of the disease in humans (Rothschild and Panza 2006a;2006b;. Evidence from research on avian remains suggests that arthropathies vary in expression by species and age (Rothschild and Panza 2007;van der Kraan 2008), but reports on links between arthropathy and individual weight examine specific groups (Early Cretaceous birds; falconidae and columbiformes) and present conflicting results (Rothschild et al 2012;Rothschild and Panza 2006a). We follow O'Connor (2008b: 183) in acknowledging four categories of arthropathy (osteoarthrosis, osteochondrosis, infectious arthropathy, traumatic arthropathy).…”

Section: Arthropathymentioning

confidence: 99%

Hens, Health and Husbandry: Integrated Approaches to Past Poultry-keeping in England

Fothergill¹,

Best²,

Foster³

et al. 2017

Open Quaternary

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This paper sheds new light on aspects of Roman and Anglo-Saxon chicken (Gallus gallus) husbandry and health through integrating analyses of chicken skeletal remains and eggshell from five archaeological sites in England (Fishbourne Roman Palace, Flixborough, Lyminge, Princesshay, and Uley). In addition to standardised archaeozoological study, over 10,400 chicken elements from these sites were subjected to palaeopathological and metrical analyses to clarify the relationship between husbandry methods and signs of disease and injury. Radiographic examination contributed to differential diagnosis of lesions and identification of medullary bone in complete appendicular elements. Eggshell examination was conducted on material from Flixborough using Zooarchaeology by Mass Spectrometry and Scanning Electron Microscopy to identify species and developmental stage. Combined, these techniques demonstrate previouslyunknown patterns of egg production and consumption. By integrating these approaches, our results reveal previously unconsidered aspects of chicken husbandry and illuminate the broader value and social impact of past chicken-human relationships from the first millennium AD.

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Lack of bone stiffness/strength contribution to osteoarthritis--evidence for primary role of cartilage damage

Abstract: No correlation of frequency of osteoarthritis with parameters of bone strength and biomechanical parameters was found, suggesting that bone is only secondarily affected in osteoarthritis and that cartilage is the initial target of the disease.

Cited by 10 publications

References 31 publications

Interpreting the three‐dimensional orientation of vascular canals and cross‐sectional geometry of cortical bone in birds and bats

Interpreting the three‐dimensional orientation of vascular canals and cross‐sectional geometry of cortical bone in birds and bats

UDP xylose synthase 1 is required for morphogenesis and histogenesis of the craniofacial skeleton

Hens, Health and Husbandry: Integrated Approaches to Past Poultry-keeping in England

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