Lack of belowground mutualisms hinders Pinaceae invasions

Núñez, Martín A.; Horton, Thomas R.; Simberloff, Daniel

doi:10.1890/08-2139.1

Cited by 304 publications

(331 citation statements)

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“…Although tree seedlings are able to survive short periods without ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal associates (Collier and Bidartondo, 2009), pine regeneration is often limited by lack of ECM fungal inoculum (Nunez et al, 2009). Thus, the initial recovery of forests after these severe mega-fires likely depends in part on whether appropriate ECM fungal spores have survived and are available to serve as partners for regenerating forest trees.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ectomycorrhizal fungal spore bank recovery after a severe forest fire: some like it hot

et al. 2015

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After severe wildfires, pine recovery depends on ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal spores surviving and serving as partners for regenerating forest trees. We took advantage of a large, severe natural forest fire that burned our long-term study plots to test the response of ECM fungi to fire. We sampled the ECM spore bank using pine seedling bioassays and high-throughput sequencing before and after the California Rim Fire. We found that ECM spore bank fungi survived the fire and dominated the colonization of in situ and bioassay seedlings, but there were specific fire adapted fungi such as Rhizopogon olivaceotinctus that increased in abundance after the fire. The frequency of ECM fungal species colonizing pre-fire bioassay seedlings, post-fire bioassay seedlings and in situ seedlings were strongly positively correlated. However, fire reduced the ECM spore bank richness by eliminating some of the rare species, and the density of the spore bank was reduced as evidenced by a larger number of soil samples that yielded uncolonized seedlings. Our results show that although there is a reduction in ECM inoculum, the ECM spore bank community largely remains intact, even after a high-intensity fire. We used advanced techniques for data quality control with Illumina and found consistent results among varying methods. Furthermore, simple greenhouse bioassays can be used to determine which fungi will colonize after fires. Similar to plant seed banks, a specific suite of ruderal, spore bank fungi take advantage of open niche space after fires.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ectomycorrhizal fungal spore bank recovery after a severe forest fire: some like it hot

et al. 2015

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“…Mutualistic interactions can prevent or facilitate biological invasions (Richardson et al 2000, Nun˜ez et al 2009, Spence et al 2011) and determine the lag-phase between a species' introduction and subsequent invasion (Hallett 2006). Successful establishment and invasion of woody plants may be particularly sensitive to belowground symbiont availability, because many of these woody plant species depend on mutualistic microbes like mycorrhizal fungi and nitrogen-fixing bacteria (Nun˜ez and Dickie 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, recent research has revealed that both co-invasion of nonnative mutualist species and novel associations with native species determine invasion success (Pringle et al 2009, Dickie et al 2010, Nun˜ez and Dickie 2014, Wood et al 2015. For example, ectomycorrhizal pines appear to invade only when co-invading exotic or cosmopolitan fungi are available (Nun˜ez et al 2009, Dickie et al 2010, Hynson et al 2013, Hayward et al 2015, though introduced trees may form novel associations with native fungi as adults (Parlade´et al 1995, Jairus et al 2011, Trocha et al 2012, Bahram et al 2013. These studies also demonstrate that the importance of co-invasion in conferring invasion success is variable among studies or taxa, but the reasons for this are unresolved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycorrhizal co‐invasion and novel interactions depend on neighborhood context

Moeller

Dickie

Peltzer

et al. 2015

Ecology

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Abstract. Biological invasions are a rapidly increasing driver of global change, yet fundamental gaps remain in our understanding of the factors determining the success or extent of invasions. For example, although most woody plant species depend on belowground mutualists such as mycorrhizal fungi and nitrogen-fixing bacteria, the relative importance of these mutualisms in conferring invasion success is unresolved. Here, we describe how neighborhood context (identity of nearby tree species) affects the formation of belowground ectomycorrhizal partnerships between fungi and seedlings of a widespread invasive tree species, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas-fir), in New Zealand. We found that the formation of mycorrhizal partnerships, the composition of the fungal species involved in these partnerships, and the origin of the fungi (co-invading or native to New Zealand) all depend on neighborhood context. Our data suggest that nearby ectomycorrhizal host trees act as both a reservoir of fungal inoculum and a carbon source for late-successional and native fungi. By facilitating mycorrhization of P. menziesii seedlings, adult trees may alleviate mycorrhizal limitation at the P. menziesii invasion front. These results highlight the importance of studying biological invasions across multiple ecological settings to understand establishment success and invasion speed.

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“…Propagules of plant species reached the bare land after glacier retreat, relying on the early arrival of fungi to absorb arid soil nutrients [54]. The relationship between the species migration and fungi has also been confirmed by modern ecological evidence [55]. Phenological changes caused by climate change may have had an important impact on insect pollination [56].…”

Section: The Role Of Environmental Factors In the Response Of Vegetatmentioning

confidence: 92%

Response of forest distribution to past climate change: An insight into future predictions

Liu

Yin

2013

Chin. Sci. Bull.

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Vegetation dynamics could lead to changes in the global carbon and hydrology cycle, as well as feedbacks to climate change. This paper reviews the response of forest dynamics to climate change. Based on palaeoecological studies, we summarized the features and modes of vegetation response to climate change and categorized the impacts of climate change on vegetation dynamics as three types: climate stress on vegetation, buffer effects by non-climatic factors, and perturbation of the vegetation distribution by stochastic events. Due to the openness of the vegetation system and the integrated effects of both climatic and non-climatic factors, the vegetation-climate relationship deviates far from its equilibrium. The vegetation distribution shows a non-linear response to climate change, which also makes it difficult to quantify the modern vegetation distribution in terms of specific climatic factors. Past analog, space-for-time-substitution and Dynamic Global Vegetation Models (DGVMs) are three approaches to predicting the future vegetation distribution, but they have all been established on the assumption of vegetation-climate equilibrium. We propose that improving DGVMs is a future task for studies of vegetation dynamics because these are process-based models incorporating both disturbance (e.g. fire) and the variability in Plant Functional Types (PFTs). However, palaeoecological results should be used to test the models, and issues like spatial and temporal scale, complexity of climate change, effects of non-climatic factors, vegetation-climate feedback, and human regulation on vegetation dynamics are suggested as topics for future studies. . Will global warming lead to the expansion or decline of forests in the future? Will measures taken to address climate change concerns, such as the forestation of grasslands, successfully expand the distribution of the forest or have the reverse effect? These scientific and practical questions have been the focus of extensive discussion in the scientific community [5]. In China, for example, as an adaptation to climate change, the area covered by forest will increase from the current 20% to 23% in 2020. Due to the lack of physical space in the wet climate zone, much planting is taking place in the current forest-steppe ecotone [6]. Will the future climate benefit forests in the current forest-steppe ecotone? To answer this question we need to make accurate predictions of future climate forcings of vegetation dynamics. Vegetation dynamics in the past and present are critical to predictions of vegetation response to climate change in the future [7]. Through a review of previous work, we have attempted to summarize the general principles and modes of vegetation response to climate change, and to explore how to accurately predict climate-induced changes in vegetation under the future climate change scenarios.

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Lack of belowground mutualisms hinders Pinaceae invasions

Cited by 304 publications

References 50 publications

Ectomycorrhizal fungal spore bank recovery after a severe forest fire: some like it hot

Ectomycorrhizal fungal spore bank recovery after a severe forest fire: some like it hot

Mycorrhizal co‐invasion and novel interactions depend on neighborhood context

Response of forest distribution to past climate change: An insight into future predictions

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