Lack of association between vascular dementia and Chlamydia pneumoniae infection: a case-control study

Carusone, Soo Chan; Śmieja, Marek; Molloy, William; Goldsmith, Charlie H.; Mahony, J. B.; Chernesky, Max; Gnarpe, Judy; Standish, Tim; Smith, Stephanie; Loeb, Mark

doi:10.1186/1471-2377-4-15

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…One study also reported higher levels of CRP in VaD patients relative to non-demented controls, although the elevation was of small clinical signifi cance. In contrast, fi ve other similarly designed studies did not fi nd an association between CRP and dementia or VaD [188][189][190][191][192] . Most of these studies were very small, however, and earlier studies used less sensitive assays of CRP than what are currently available.…”

Section: Epidemiological Studiesmentioning

confidence: 55%

Hematologic Risk Factors of Vascular Disease and Their Relation to Dementia

Mielke

Zandi

2006

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

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Multiple studies have implicated vascular-related conditions as risk factors for dementia. Clarification of these factors in dementia is important because most are modifiable, and may serve as the basis for preventive strategies. Several hematologic factors are associated with vascular diseases, but their relation to dementia is unclear. This review examines biological and epidemiological evidence concerning the role of these hematologic factors in dementia, and dementia subtypes. Reviewed factors include homocysteine, cholesterol, fatty acids, antioxidants, and C-reactive protein. The vast majority of studies reviewed are cross-sectional. Longitudinal studies with serial hematologic measures are needed to clarify the relationship between these factors and dementia over the lifespan. A necessary step is to examine multiple hematologic factors simultaneously, rather than in isolation, to determine how these factors are interrelated.

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Section: Epidemiological Studiesmentioning

confidence: 55%

Hematologic Risk Factors of Vascular Disease and Their Relation to Dementia

Mielke

Zandi

2006

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

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“…After assessing full text of potentially relevant articles, 52 studies published between 1996 and 2012 were enrolled [3-5,8,12-59], comprising 50 (nested) case-control studies and 2 prospective cohort studies. Figure 1 shows a flow diagram describing the study selection process.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chlamydia pneumoniae infection and cerebrovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Chen

Zhu

et al. 2013

BMC Neurol

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BackgroundA wealth of published studies have been published on association between Chlamydia pneumoniae (C.pneumoniae) infection and cerebrovascular (CV) disease, but the results were inconsistent. This meta-analysis provides a systematic review of the available evidence from all serological and pathological studies of CV disease and C.pneumoniae.MethodsA comprehensive research was conducted of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CNKI, WanFang technological periodical database and reference lists of articles to identify eligible case-control and cohort studies. Odds radio (OR) was calculated for each study outcome. Random effect model was used as pooling method and publication bias was estimated for the results.ResultsFifty-two published studies that met criteria were selected. In case control studies, an association between C.pneumoniae infection and CV disease was revealed by serum specific IgG (OR, 1.61; 95% CI: 1.34 to 1.94), serum IgA (OR, 2.33; 95% CI: 1.76 to 3.08) and PCR technique of C.pneumoniae in peripheral blood cells (OR, 1.90; 95% CI: 1.17 to 3.07). No significant association was found in serum anti-C.pneumonae IgM seropositivity or in-situ-detection of C.pneumoniae in arterial biopsies with CV disease. Subgroup analysis by available studies suggested that C.pneumoniae may paly a role in atherosclerotic stroke, but be less significant in stroke of cardioembolism or other etiologies.ConclusionAssociation between C.pneumoniae infection and CV disease depends on the analytical method adopted, which seems stronger with stroke due to large artery atherosclerosis. Establishing a causal relationship between C.peumoniae infection and CV disease will require more prospective studies with combination of techniques and stratified by etiological subtypes.

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“…However, the clinical importance of this association is uncertain. Carusone et al, found no significant association between elevated or high C. pneumoniae specific IgG or IgA antibodies and vascular dementia [13]. In this study, the odds ratio estimate for IgA titres was slightly higher than IgG titres, but not statistically different.…”

Section: Vascular Dementiamentioning

confidence: 47%

“…C.pneumonia has been associated with stroke, transient cerebral ischemia, and atherosclerosis in the middle cerebral artery in both prospective and case-control studies [13,64]. Since stroke is an important precursor to vascular dementia, these data raise the possibility that C.pneumonia infection may also be a risk factor for vascular dementia.…”

Section: Vascular Dementiamentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The odds ratio estimate for IgA titres is also slightly higher than IgG titres, but not statistically different. Carusone et al suggest that the odds ratio estimates for elevated IgA and IgG antibodies do not definitively rule out an association between antibodies and vascular dementia because the relatively small sample [13]. Other studies have suggested that IgA titres are more strongly associated with disease outcomes because they are a better indicator of chronic C.pneumonia infection [14].…”

Section: Vascular Dementiamentioning

confidence: 99%

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