Lack of Association Between Smoking and Crohn's Disease But The Usual Association With Ulcerative Colitis in Jewish Patients in Israel: A Multicenter Study

Reif, Shimon; Lavy, Alexandra; Keter, Daniel; Fich, Alexander; Eliakim, Rami; Halak, Aharon; Broide, Efrat; Niv, Yaron; Ron, Yishai; Patz, Julian; Odes, Shmuel; Villa, Yael; Gilat, Tuvia

doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2000.01771.x

Cited by 67 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…54 -57 A meta-analysis suggests that smokers are more than twice as likely to develop CD but the association between smoking and CD may differ depending on ethnic groups or geographic regions. 56,57 The previous twin studies identified smoking as a risk factor for CD and as protective for UC but could not prove its contribution to concordance. In our work, CD index twin individuals were more frequently smokers and former smokers but differences between affected and nonaffected co-twins were not significant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease in a German twin cohort: Results of a nationwide study

Spehlmann¹,

Begun²,

Burghardt

et al. 2008

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

140

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease in a German twin cohort: Results of a nationwide study

Spehlmann¹,

Begun²,

Burghardt

et al. 2008

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

140

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“…In Israel, no association was reported between smoking and CD in Jewish patients, although the opposite association was found for UC [53] . Similarly, smoking was not associated to the risk for CD in some studies from Asia [54] .…”

Section: The Role Of Gender Familial Disease and Ethnicitymentioning

confidence: 91%

Smoking in inflammatory bowel diseases: Good, bad or ugly?

Lakatos¹,

Szamosi²,

Lakatos³

2007

WJG

126

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Smoking is an important environmental factor in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), having different effects in ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). A recent meta-analysis partially confirmed previous findings that smoking was found to be p r o t e c t i v e a g a i n s t u l c e r a t i v e c o l i t i s a n d , a f t e r onset of the disease, might improve its course, d e c r e a s i n g t h e n e e d f o r c o l e c t o m y . H o w e v e r , smoking increases the risk of developing Crohn's disease and worsens its course, increasing the need for steroids, immunosuppressants and re-operations. Smoking cessation aggravates ulcerative colitis and improves Crohn's disease. Data are however, largely conflictive as well as the potential mechanisms involved in this dual relationship are still unknown. In this review article, the authors review the role of smoking in inflammatory bowel diseases.

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“…Interestingly, the deleterious effect of smoking is more marked in women [23] and in patients with ileal disease [2] . It is noted in most observational studies, although some studies in Israel [24] , Spain [25] and Norway [26] failed to show differences between smokers and non-smokers.…”

Section: Smoking Worsens the Course Of Crohn's Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking, Physical Activity, Nutrition and Lifestyle: Environmental Factors and Their Impact on IBD

Cosnes

2010

Dig Dis

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Current smoking increases the risk of developing Crohn’s disease and worsens its course, increasing the need for steroids, immunosuppressants, and re-operations. On the contrary, smoking protects against ulcerative colitis and after disease onset improves its course, decreasing the need for colectomy. Smoking cessation improves Crohn’s disease and worsens ulcerative colitis. Achieving smoking cessation in Crohn’s disease is thus an important goal of therapy, whereas patients with ulcerative colitis should not be discouraged to quit, because the beneficial effect of smoking for their disease is counterbalanced by the deleterious respiratory and cardiovascular effects of tobacco. Physical activity improves quality of life without detrimental effect on disease activity, and may contribute to increase muscle mass and to prevent osteoporosis. Regarding nutrition, a Western diet may be associated with an increased risk of IBD, and a case-control study revealed an increased consumption of linoleic acid before diagnosis of ulcerative colitis. Liquid diets may improve Crohn’s disease flares and decrease the need for steroids; however, there are no defined diets able to improve the disease course, and in Crohn’s disease, supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids did not show a significant benefit. Obesity is becoming more prevalent in IBD and may be associated with higher disease activity. In total, adhering to four simple lifestyle factors – never smoking, physical activity, prudent diet and body mass index <25 – may have a strong impact both on the prevention of major chronic diseases and on the course of IBD.

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Lack of Association Between Smoking and Crohn's Disease But The Usual Association With Ulcerative Colitis in Jewish Patients in Israel: A Multicenter Study

Abstract: The lack of association between smoking and CD has now been established in Jewish patients in Israel. The association was found in UC. The stronger genetic tendency in CD may contribute to this discrepancy.

Cited by 67 publications

References 29 publications

Epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease in a German twin cohort: Results of a nationwide study

Epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease in a German twin cohort: Results of a nationwide study

Smoking in inflammatory bowel diseases: Good, bad or ugly?

Smoking, Physical Activity, Nutrition and Lifestyle: Environmental Factors and Their Impact on IBD

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