Lack of Association Between Peripheral Activity of Thyroid Hormones and Elevated TSH Levels in Childhood Obesity

Lobotková, Denisa; Staníková, Daniela; Staník, Juraj; Cervenová, O; Bzdúch, Vladimír; Tichá, Ľubica

doi:10.4274/jcrpe.1251

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…As mentioned above, previous work has demonstrated that glucocorticoids, the end product of HPA axis activation, can inhibit the HPT axis. 38 This study supports this proposition, i.e., that lower cortisol may be associated with higher TSH levels.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Attachment Strategies and Neuroendocrine Biomarkers in Obese Children

Pinto¹,

Wilkinson

Virella

et al. 2016

Acta Med Port

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RESUMOIntrodução: A qualidade da relação pais-filho influencia o desenvolvimento do sistema fisiológico de regulação do stress da criança. Exploraram-se eventuais associações entre estratégias de vinculação e o cortisol e a hormona estimulante da tiróide, respectivamente como possíveis mediador e variável interveniente na relação mãe-filho, na criança obesa. Material e Métodos: Foi recrutada na Consulta de Obesidade uma amostra de conveniência de 83 crianças obesas com 10,9 (1,8) anos de idade (46 rapazes). A obesidade foi definida pelo percentil do índice de massa corporal para idade e género e os biomarcadores neuroendócrinos foram medidos pelos métodos de rotina. As estratégias de vinculação foram avaliadas através dos questionários (IACA) para pais e crianças. O funcionamento familiar foi classificado através do preenchimento pelos pais do FACES-III. Foram analisados modelos multivariáveis de regressão linear. Resultados: As estratégias de vinculação insegura do tipo evitante (tipo A) apresentaram uma associação significativa positiva com os níveis de hormona estimulante da tiróide e negativa com os níveis de cortisol (R 2 = 0,352). As estratégias de vinculação segura (tipo B) associaram-se positivamente ao hipotiroidismo e ao percentil de índice de massa corporal, ambas com significado estatístico (R 2 = 0,541). As estratégias de vinculação insegura apresentaram alguma evidência de associação positiva com a hormona estimulante da tiróide (R2 = 0,250). Discussão: Estes achados sugerem a existência de factores comuns na regulação dos eixos hipotálamo-hipófise-adrenal e hipotála-mo-hipófise-tiróide. Os processos envolvidos no desenvolvimento das estratégias de vinculação do tipo A parecem associar-se aos mecanismos regulatórios do eixo HPA. Conclusão: Diferentes estratégias de vinculação estão associadas a diferentes padrões metabólicos em crianças obesas. Desconhece-se qual a sua contribuição para o desenvolvimento e diferenciação da abordagem terapêutica. Palavras-chave: Apego ao Objecto; Criança; Obesidade Pediátrica; Sistema Hipotálamo-Hipofisário; Sistema Hipófise-Suprarrenal; Stress Psicológico; Tireotropina. ABSTRACTIntroduction: Quality of the parent-infant relationship influences the mechanisms of development of the child's physiological stress regulation. This study explored associations between attachment strategies and both cortisol and thyroid stimulating hormone, hypothesized to be respectively a potential mediator and a potential intervening variable of the mother-child relationship in obese children. Material and Methods:A sample of 83 obese children (46 boys), aged 10.9 (1.8) years was recruited from a child obesity clinic. Obesity was defined by body mass index percentile adjusted for age and sex. Metabolic biomarkers were measured by routine methods. Attachment strategies were assessed with self and parent-report questionnaires. Family functioning was assessed with parent-reported questionnaires (FACES-III). Multivariate linear regression analyses were performed. Results: Type A, avoidant at...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Attachment Strategies and Neuroendocrine Biomarkers in Obese Children

Pinto¹,

Wilkinson

Virella

et al. 2016

Acta Med Port

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“…In humans, it is a common observation that obesity is associated with isolated hyperthyrotropinemia. The mechanism behind this hyperthyrotropinemia is not well understood, but it is apparently not explained by changes in peripheral activity of THs ( 46 ). Instead, it is thought that isolated elevated TSH may represent a possible hypothalamic–pituitary hormone resistance and disturbed negative feedback signaling ( 46 , 47 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mechanism behind this hyperthyrotropinemia is not well understood, but it is apparently not explained by changes in peripheral activity of THs ( 46 ). Instead, it is thought that isolated elevated TSH may represent a possible hypothalamic–pituitary hormone resistance and disturbed negative feedback signaling ( 46 , 47 ). Maternal overnutrition has been shown to cause leptin resistance in rats through decreased STAT3 and SOCS3 gene signaling in the arcuate nuclueus ( 20 ), and increased circulating leptin concentrations have the capability to stimulate pro-TRH formation directly and by affecting neurons of the HPA axis, which in turn can trigger pituitary TSH stimulation ( 48 , 49 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fetal over- and undernutrition differentially program thyroid axis adaptability in adult sheep

Johnsen

Lyckegaard

Khanal

et al. 2018

Endocrine Connections

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ObjectiveWe aimed to test, whether fetal under- or overnutrition differentially program the thyroid axis with lasting effects on energy metabolism, and if early-life postnatal overnutrition modulates implications of prenatal programming.DesignTwin-pregnant sheep (n = 36) were either adequately (NORM), under- (LOW; 50% of NORM) or overnourished (HIGH; 150% of energy and 110% of protein requirements) in the last-trimester of gestation. From 3 days-of-age to 6 months-of-age, twin lambs received a conventional (CONV) or an obesogenic, high-carbohydrate high-fat (HCHF) diet. Subgroups were slaughtered at 6-months-of-age. Remaining lambs were fed a low-fat diet until 2½ years-of-age (adulthood).MethodsSerum hormone levels were determined at 6 months- and 2½ years-of-age. At 2½ years-of-age, feed intake capacity (intake over 4-h following 72-h fasting) was determined, and an intravenous thyroxine tolerance test (iTTT) was performed, including measurements of heart rate, rectal temperature and energy expenditure (EE).ResultsIn the iTTT, the LOW and nutritionally mismatched NORM:HCHF and HIGH:CONV sheep increased serum T3, T3:T4 and T3:TSH less than NORM:CONV, whereas TSH was decreased less in HIGH, NORM:HCHF and LOW:HCHF. Early postnatal exposure to the HCHF diet decreased basal adult EE in NORM and HIGH, but not LOW, and increased adult feed intake capacity in NORM and LOW, but not HIGH.Conclusions: The iTTT revealed a differential programming of central and peripheral HPT axis function in response to late fetal malnutrition and an early postnatal obesogenic diet, with long-term implications for adult HPT axis adaptability and associated consequences for adiposity risk.

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“…Reports have been published of samples of obese children and adolescents, most of them from outpatient clinics, presenting a positive association between BMI and TSH (3,6,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33), a positive association with free T3 (3,6,7,14,26,27), and a negative one between free T4 and waist circumference (26) and between free T4 and visceral fat assessed by ultrasound (34). In accordance with our own findings, none of these studies have reported any significant difference by gender or pubertal status (3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid Function and Thyroid Autoimmunity in Relation to Weight Status and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Children and Adolescents: A Population-Based Study

García-García

Vázquez-López²,

Garcı́a-Fuentes³

et al. 2016

Jcrpe

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Objective: In obese subjects, slight increases have been observed in thyrotropin [thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)] levels, but data in children are scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether thyroid function and autoimmunity vary with weight status in a healthy population of children and adolescents and to determine whether hyperthyrotropinemia is associated with any cardiovascular risk factor.Methods: This cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted in Almería (Spain) on a representative sample of 1317 healthy subjects aged 2-16 years. Thyroid function, thyroid autoimmunity and cardiovascular risk factors were measured. Chi-square test, analysis of variance and multiple linear regression were used in the statistical analyses.Results: The obese children and adolescents had thyrotropin levels (mean ± standard deviation) of 3.12±2.44 mU/L. These levels were higher than those of overweight subjects (2.79±1.51 mU/L) and of normal weight subjects (2.73±1.30 mU/L) (p=0.02). Levels of free thyroxine and urinary iodine did not differ significantly between the groups. The prevalence (95% confidence interval) of thyroid autoimmunity was lower in the individuals with normal weight (2.9%; 2.0-4.2) than in the overweight (6.3%; 3.9-9.9) and obese subjects (5.6%, 2.5-11.3) (p=0.02). TSH levels were associated with obesity (β=0.36; p<0.001) and thyroid autoimmunity (β=1.10; p<0.001). They were not associated with any cardiovascular risk factor.Conclusion: Obese children and adolescents had higher levels of thyrotropin than those who were overweight and of normal weight. The differences among the groups were of very little clinical significance and could possibly be linked to the higher prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity in obese subjects. The hyperthyrotropinemia in these subjects was not associated with any cardiovascular risk factor.

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Lack of Association Between Peripheral Activity of Thyroid Hormones and Elevated TSH Levels in Childhood Obesity

Cited by 11 publications

References 28 publications

Attachment Strategies and Neuroendocrine Biomarkers in Obese Children

Attachment Strategies and Neuroendocrine Biomarkers in Obese Children

Fetal over- and undernutrition differentially program thyroid axis adaptability in adult sheep

Thyroid Function and Thyroid Autoimmunity in Relation to Weight Status and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Children and Adolescents: A Population-Based Study

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