Lack of association between Mycoplasma hominis and Trichomonas vaginalis symbiosis in relation to metronidazole resistance

Mabaso, Nonkululeko; Tinarwo, Partson; Abbai, Nathlee

doi:10.1007/s00436-020-06930-x

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…A study conducted by Abdel-Magied et al (Abdel-Magied et al 2017 ) reported a prevalence of 8.2% for metronidazole resistance in non-pregnant women from Egypt. This study builds on the data by Mabaso et al ( 2020 ) who have reported on metronidazole resistance in pregnant women, and now the current study shows the association between resistance profiles and prevalent genotypes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…In this study, 9.5% of the isolates produced resistant profiles towards metronidazole with the majority of the isolates being susceptible. In South Africa, metronidazole resistance was reported in 6% of T. vaginalis Mabaso et al (2020) who have reported on metronidazole resistance in pregnant women, and now the current study shows the association between resistance profiles and prevalent genotypes. The genetic characterisation of T. vaginalis isolates from various regions show that there is significant genetic diversity in this organism (Meade and Carlton 2013).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

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Distribution of genotypes in relation to metronidazole susceptibility patterns in Trichomonas vaginalis isolated from South African pregnant women

Mabaso

Abbai

2021

Parasitol Res

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Reports on metronidazole resistance of Trichomonas vaginalis strains have been on the increase. This study investigated the in vitro metronidazole resistance patterns in T. vaginalis isolates obtained from South African pregnant women and the genotypes of these isolates. This study included 362 pregnant women recruited from a hospital in Durban, South Africa. The women provided self-collected vaginal swabs for the detection of T. vaginalis by culture in Diamonds media. Cultured isolates were then subjected to anaerobic susceptibility assays to metronidazole. For the genotyping assays, the actin gene was digested by HindII, MseI, and RsaI. The banding patterns obtained after digestion was used to determine the genotypes. A total of 21/362 (5.8%) pregnant women tested positive for T. vaginalis infection. Of the 21 T. vaginalis isolates tested for metronidazole susceptibility, 9.5% (2/21) had a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 4 μg/ml (resistant), 38.1% (8/21) had a MIC of 2 μg/ml (intermediate), and 52.4% (11/21) had a MIC ≤ 1 μg/ml (susceptible). The dominant genotype that was identified across the isolates was genotype G. There was no correlation between genotype harboured and metronidazole susceptibility patterns. In this study, resistance to metronidazole was observed in clinical isolates of T. vaginalis. This study did not find a correlation between genotype harboured and metronidazole susceptibility patterns. Despite the lack of association, our study provides data on an area of research that is currently lacking in our setting.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 68%

Distribution of genotypes in relation to metronidazole susceptibility patterns in Trichomonas vaginalis isolated from South African pregnant women

Mabaso

Abbai

2021

Parasitol Res

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“…24 A more recent study conducted in South African antenatal women reported that 9.5% (2/21) of the T. vaginalis isolates obtained were resistant to metronidazole. 21 Clinical metronidazole resistance is defined as failure to cure the infection after two consecutive courses of treatment. 51,86 Treatment failure may be because of insufficient absorption and/or delivery of metronidazole to the target site, inactivation of the drug by vaginal flora, trichomonad-dependent activity and reinfection or noncompliance.…”

Section: Treatment and Emerging Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…18,19 Reported metronidazole resistance in clinical T. vaginalis isolate ranges from 2% to approximately 13%. 20,21,22,23 In South Africa, metronidazole resistance was reported in 6% (2/30) of the T. vaginalis strains isolated from women attending an antiretroviral clinic at the Tshwane District Hospital, Pretoria. 24 Here, we summarise the epidemiology of T. vaginalis across female populations in Africa and discuss health implications and treatment challenges associated with the infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on Trichomonas vaginalis infections in women from Africa

Mabaso

Abbai

2021

Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Despite being a highly prevalent infection in the African continent, there is no review article published that solely focusses on Trichomonas vaginalis (T. vaginalis) infections in women from Africa. This review aims to fill this gap in the literature.Method: An electronic search of online databases was used to identify and extract relevant research articles related to the epidemiology, health complications and treatment associated with T. vaginalis in women from Africa.Results: Within the African continent, South Africa has reported the highest prevalence rate for this infection. A combination of sociodemographic, behavioural and biological factors has been shown to be associated with infection. Trichomonas vaginalis infection is associated with the acquisition of HIV, cervical cancer and PIDs in various female populations across the continent. Emerging patterns of resistance to metronidazole have been reported in women from South Africa. Currently, there is no effective vaccine against this pathogen despite efforts at vaccine development. Conclusion:Based on the high prevalence and health consequences associated with T. vaginalis, there is a need for improved screening programmes that will lead to early diagnosis, detection of asymptomatic infections and effective treatment regimens.

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“…The possible role of the symbionts in the development of metronidazole resistance of T. vaginalis has been, so far, poorly investigated. In fact, the effect of M. hominis presence in association with T. vaginalis is controversial: while some studies suggest a positive association between the presence of bacteria in T. vaginalis and resistance to metronidazole [ 26 , 27 ], other works report a lack of correlation between M. hominis presence and drug resistance [ 28 , 29 , 30 ]. Moreover, the consequences of the presence of the new mycoplasma species Ca.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the Symbiosis with Mycoplasma hominis and Candidatus Mycoplasma Girerdii on Trichomonas vaginalis Metronidazole Susceptibility

Margarita

Bailey

et al. 2022

Antibiotics

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Trichomoniasis, the most common non-viral sexually transmitted infection worldwide, is caused by the protozoon Trichomonas vaginalis. The 5- nitroimidazole drugs, of which metronidazole is the most prescribed, are the only effective drugs to treat trichomoniasis. Resistance against metronidazole is increasingly reported among T. vaginalis isolates. T. vaginalis can establish an endosymbiosis with two Mycoplasma species, Mycoplasma hominis and Candidatus Mycoplasma girerdii, whose presence has been demonstrated to influence several aspects of the protozoan pathobiology. The role of M. hominis in T. vaginalis resistance to metronidazole is controversial, while the influence of Ca.M. girerdii has never been investigated. In this work, we investigate the possible correlation between the presence of Ca.M. girerdii and/or M. hominis and the in vitro drug susceptibility in a large group of T. vaginalis isolated in Italy and in Vietnam. We also evaluated, via RNA-seq analysis, the expression of protozoan genes involved in metronidazole resistance in a set of syngenic T. vaginalis strains, differing only for the presence/absence of the two Mycoplasmas. Our results show that the presence of M. hominis significantly increases the sensitivity to metronidazole in T. vaginalis and affects gene expression. On the contrary, the symbiosis with Candidatus Mycoplasma girerdii seems to have no effect on metronidazole resistance in T. vaginalis.

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Lack of association between Mycoplasma hominis and Trichomonas vaginalis symbiosis in relation to metronidazole resistance

Cited by 6 publications

References 30 publications

Distribution of genotypes in relation to metronidazole susceptibility patterns in Trichomonas vaginalis isolated from South African pregnant women

Distribution of genotypes in relation to metronidazole susceptibility patterns in Trichomonas vaginalis isolated from South African pregnant women

A review on Trichomonas vaginalis infections in women from Africa

Effect of the Symbiosis with Mycoplasma hominis and Candidatus Mycoplasma Girerdii on Trichomonas vaginalis Metronidazole Susceptibility

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