Lack of Association between Cerato-ulmin Production and Virulence in<i>Ophiostoma novo-ulmi</i>

Bowden, Christine G.; Smalley, E. B.; Guries, Raymond P.; Hubbes, M.; Temple, B.; Horgen, Paul A.

doi:10.1094/mpmi-9-0556

Cited by 68 publications

(50 citation statements)

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“…Insertional mutagenesis, analysis of genetic crosses and inspection of Ophiostoma spp. genomes revealed evidence about the function of some genes such as Cu (encoding the toxin cerato-ulmin, Bowden et al 1994Bowden et al , 1996, Pat1 (encoding a pathogenicity factor, Et-Touil et al 1999), Epg1 (encoding the enzyme endopolygalacturonase, Temple et al 2009) and the presence of DNA transposons (Bouvet et al 2007). More recently, extensive transcriptomic studies using an advanced molecular tool (RNAseq) have identified differential gene expression in the distinct phases of O. novo-ulmi from yeast to hyphae and mycelium Nigg and Bernier 2016).…”

Section: Molecular Advances To Understand the Genetic Clues Behind Elmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breeding and scientific advances in the fight against Dutch elm disease: Will they allow the use of elms in forest restoration?

et al. 2018

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Elms (Ulmus spp.) were once dominant trees in mixed broadleaf forests of many European territories, mainly distributed near rivers and streams or on floodplains. Since ancient times they have provided important services to humans, and several selected genotypes have been massively propagated and planted. Today elm populations are severely degraded due to the negative impact of human-induced changes in riparian ecosystems and the emergence of the highly aggressive Dutch elm disease pathogens. Despite the death of most large elm specimens, there is no evidence of genetic diversity loss in elm populations, probably due to their ability to resprout after disease. The recovery of elm populations from the remaining diversity should build from genomic tools that facilitate achievement of resistant elm clones. Research works to date have discerned the genetic diversity of elms and are well on the way to deciphering the genetic clues of elm resistance and pathogen virulence, key findings for addressing recovery of elm populations. Several tolerant clones suitable for use in urban and landscape planting have been obtained through traditional species hybridization with Asian elms, and various native clones have been selected and used in pilot forest restoration projects. Successful reintroduction of elms should also rely on a deeper understanding of elm ecology, in particular their resilience to abiotic and biotic disturbances. However, all these efforts would be in vain without the final acceptance of elm reintroduction by the social actors involved, making it necessary to evaluate and publicize the ecosystem services elms can provide for today's society.

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Section: Molecular Advances To Understand the Genetic Clues Behind Elmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breeding and scientific advances in the fight against Dutch elm disease: Will they allow the use of elms in forest restoration?

et al. 2018

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“…Eventually, mutants are required for establishing the role of specific genes in these functions. As mentioned earlier in this review, genetic transformation of O. novo-ulmi was achieved in the early 1990s (Royer et al 1991) and has been used both for random insertional mutagenesis (Pereira et al 2000) and inactivation of selected genes (Bowden et al 1996, Temple et al 2009). Problems, however, must be overcome before insertional mutants with the desired phenotype are recovered efficiently in the DED fungi.…”

Section: Development Of Tools For Genomic Studies Of the Ded Pathosystemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This hypothesis was weakened following the identification of naturally occurring non-CU producing mutants which were nevertheless pathogenic and virulent . Furthermore, the Cu gene was cloned by Bowden et al (1994) who subsequently produced knockout cu -mutants that remained virulent (Bowden et al 1996). Temple et al (1997), based on the analysis of an O. ulmi strain over-expressing CU and an O. novo-ulmi cu -knockout mutant, proposed that CU contributed to parasitic fitness by improving yeast-like spore resistance to desiccation and attachment to the exoskeleton of elm bark beetles.…”

Section: Genomics Of Dutch Elm Disease Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the case of random insertional mutagenesis, it has proven difficult to clone mutated loci by recovering Ophiostoma DNA sequences flanking the plasmid insertion site due to large rearrangements . On the other hand, targeted inactivation of specific genes may require a large screening effort: Temple et al (2009) reported recovering one true Δepg1 knockout mutants out of 50 transformants, whereas Bowden et al (1996) had to screen 2500 transformants in order to recover one Δcu mutant. We recently recovered a mutant of O. novoulmi in which the gene Mus52, involved in non-homologous DNA repair (Ninomiya et al 2004), has been inactivated (Naruzawa et al, unpublished).…”

Section: Development Of Tools For Genomic Studies Of the Ded Pathosystemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genomics of the Dutch elm disease pathosystem: are we there yet?

Bernier¹,

Aoun²,

Bouvet³

et al. 2015

iForest

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“…For many years CU had been regarded as a virulence factor in DED pathogenesis (Takai 1974;Richards 1993;Del Sorbo et al 2000), a view that has been challenged by the finding that pathogenicity of O. novo-ulmi mutants unable to produce CU did not differ with respect to wild type strains Bowden et al 1996;Tegli & Scala 1996), and that overexpression of the O. novo-ulmi cu gene in the less aggressive species O. ulmi did not increase the virulence of the latter (Temple et al 1997). These results prompted some authors to propose that CU could be a factor involved in the fitness of DED pathogens, improving their ability to colonize and infect elm trees (Temple et al 1997;Temple & Horgen 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Widespread horizontal transfer of the cerato-ulmin gene between Ophiostoma novo-ulmi and Geosmithia species

et al. 2014

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a b s t r a c tPrevious work had shown that a sequence homologous to the gene encoding class II hydrophobin cerato-ulmin from the fungus Ophiostoma novo-ulmi, the causal agent of Dutch Elm Disease (DED), was present in a strain of the unrelated species Geosmithia species 5 (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) isolated from Ulmus minor affected by DED. As both fungi occupy the same habitat, even if different ecological niches, the occurrence of horizontal gene transfer was proposed. In the present work we have analysed for the presence of the cerato-ulmin gene 70 Geosmithia strains representing 29 species, isolated from different host plants and geographic locations. The gene was found in 52.1 % of the strains derived from elm trees, while none of those isolated from nonelms possessed it. The expression of the gene in Geosmithia was also assessed by real time PCR in different growth conditions (liquid culture, solid culture, elm sawdust, dual culture with O. novo-ulmi), and was found to be extremely low in all conditions tested. On the basis of these results we propose that the cerato-ulmin gene is not functional in Geosmithia, but can be considered instead a marker of more extensive transfers of genetic material as shown in other fungi.

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Lack of Association between Cerato-ulmin Production and Virulence inOphiostoma novo-ulmi

Cited by 68 publications

References 0 publications

Breeding and scientific advances in the fight against Dutch elm disease: Will they allow the use of elms in forest restoration?

Breeding and scientific advances in the fight against Dutch elm disease: Will they allow the use of elms in forest restoration?

Genomics of the Dutch elm disease pathosystem: are we there yet?

Widespread horizontal transfer of the cerato-ulmin gene between Ophiostoma novo-ulmi and Geosmithia species

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