“…Regarding specifically to the anti-tick immunological control perspective, antibody levels against a defined antigen like the midgut protein Bm86 are correlated with protection in commercial vaccines against R. microplus (Willadsen et al, 1989;de la Fuente et al, 2020), although this is not universally true to explain protection against ticks following artificial immunizations (Knorr et al, 2018). Also, higher levels of antibodies against tick components following infestations may not be correlated with increased resistance (Kashino et al, 2005;Cruz et al, 2008;Piper et al, 2009;Leal et al, 2013;Évora et al, 2015;Leal et al, 2018) and, surprisingly, artificial immunization with tick antigens may instead enhance tick infestations (Almazán et al, 2020). Therefore, some controversy still populates the evaluation of the roles performed by antibody responses in tick-mammalian host relationships and we intend to briefly review some of these points in the following sections, with a special focus on the R. microplus-bovine relationship and the immunization attempts that have been developed.…”