Lachman's Case Studies in Anatomy

Seiden, David L.; Corbett, Siobhan; Lachman, E

doi:10.1093/med/9780199846085.001.0001

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…This is a similar location to where the electrodes for VNS are positioned and is more reminiscent of Corning's initial approach. However, the vagus nerve's location within the carotid sheath (Figure 3), beneath the skin (2 mm), superficial fascia (3-6 mm), and sternocleidomastoid muscle (5-6 mm) (Seiden et al, 2013) can make selective transcutaneous stimulation of vagus nerve fibers difficult, with current product offerings most likely indiscriminately stimulating afferent and efferent fibers alike (Yuan and Silberstein, 2016b).…”

Section: Anatomical Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical Review of Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation: Challenges for Translation to Clinical Practice

et al. 2020

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Several studies have illustrated that transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) can elicit therapeutic effects that are similar to those produced by its invasive counterpart, vagus nerve stimulation (VNS). VNS is an FDA-approved therapy for the treatment of both depression and epilepsy, but it is limited to the management of more severe, intervention-resistant cases as a second or third-line treatment option due to perioperative risks involved with device implantation. In contrast, tVNS is a non-invasive technique that involves the application of electrical currents through surface electrodes at select locations, most commonly targeting the auricular branch of the vagus nerve (ABVN) and the cervical branch of the vagus nerve in the neck. Although it has been shown that tVNS elicits hypo-and hyperactivation in various regions of the brain associated with anxiety and mood regulation, the mechanism of action and influence of stimulation parameters on clinical outcomes remains predominantly hypothetical. Suppositions are largely based on correlations between the neurobiology of the vagus nerve and its effects on neural activity. However, tVNS has also been investigated for several other disorders, including tinnitus, migraine and pain, by targeting the vagus nerve at sites in both the ear and the neck. As most of the described methods differ in the parameters and protocols applied, there is currently no firm evidence on the optimal location for tVNS or the stimulation parameters that provide the greatest therapeutic effects for a specific condition. This review presents the current status of tVNS with a focus on stimulation parameters, stimulation sites, and available devices. For tVNS to reach its full potential as a non-invasive and clinically relevant therapy, it is imperative that systematic studies be undertaken to reveal the mechanism of action and optimal stimulation modalities.

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Section: Anatomical Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical Review of Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation: Challenges for Translation to Clinical Practice

et al. 2020

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“…In addition to auricular stimulation, the vagus nerve can also be stimulated, without the need for surgery, using electrodes attached over the sternocleidomastoid muscle, that is, by cervical vagus nerve stimulation (cVNS). However, the location of the vagus nerve within the carotid sheath under the skin (2 mm), superficial fascia (3-6 mm), and sternocleidomastoid muscle (5-6 mm) [79] can make selective transcutaneous stimulation of the vagus nerve fibres difficult [74], with current products most likely indiscriminately stimulating afferent and efferent fibres alike [53]. Furthermore, in contrast to cVNS, taVNS uses a physiological pathway to activate the NTS and dorsal motor nucleus, which then sends impulses bilaterally to the cardiac surface via the efferent cervical vagus nerves [74].…”

Section: Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation to Improve Emotional State

Aranberri Ruiz

2024

Biomedicines

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Emotional experiences are a part of our lives. The maladaptive functioning of an individual’s emotional field can lead to emotional disturbances of various kinds, such as anxiety and depression. Currently, there is an increasing prevalence of emotional disorders that cause great human suffering and high socioeconomic costs. Emotional processing has a biological basis. The major neuroscientific theories of emotion are based on biological functioning, and all of them take into account the anatomy and function of the tenth cranial nerve: the vagus nerve. The vagus nerve connects the subdiaphragmatic and supradiaphragmatic areas and modulates emotional processing as the basis of interoceptive functioning. Auricular vagus nerve stimulation is a new and innovative neuromodulation technique based on the function of the vagus nerve. Several interventions have shown that this new neurostimulation technique is a very promising resource for treating emotional disorders. In this paper, we summarise three neuroscientific theories of emotion, explain what transcutaneous auricular nerve stimulation is, and present arguments for its use and continued research.

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Pros and cons of vertical integration between clinical medicine and basic science within a problem-based undergraduate medical curriculum: examples and experiences from Linköping, Sweden

et al. 2002

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Problem-based learning (PBL), combined with early patient contact, multiprofessional education and emphasis on development of communications skills, has become the basis for the medical curriculum at the Faculty of Health Sciences in Linköping (FHS), Sweden, which was started in 1986. Important elements in the curriculum are vertical integration, i.e. integration between the clinical and basic science parts of the curriculum and horizontal integration between different subject areas. This article discusses the importance of vertical integration in an undergraduate medical curriculum, according to experiences from the Faculty of Health Sciences in Linköping, and also give examples on how it has been implemented during the latest 15 years. Results and views put forward in published articles concerning vertical integration within undergraduate medical education are discussed in relation to the experiences in Linköping. Vertical integration between basic sciences and clinical medicine in a PBL setting has been found to stimulate profound rather than superficial learning, and thereby stimulates better understanding of important biomedical principles. Integration probably leads to better retention of knowledge and the ability to apply basic science principles in the appropriate clinical context. Integration throughout the whole curriculum entails a lot of time and work in respect of planning, organization and execution. The teachers have to be deeply involved and enthusiastic and have to cooperate over departmental borders, which may produce positive spin-off effects in teaching and research but also conflicts that have to be resolved. The authors believe vertical integration supports PBL and stimulates deep and lifelong learning.

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Lachman's Case Studies in Anatomy

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Critical Review of Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation: Challenges for Translation to Clinical Practice

Critical Review of Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation: Challenges for Translation to Clinical Practice

Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation to Improve Emotional State

Pros and cons of vertical integration between clinical medicine and basic science within a problem-based undergraduate medical curriculum: examples and experiences from Linköping, Sweden

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