Laccase: A Review of Its Past and Its Future in Bioremediation

Abstract

Background Industrial products are persistently hazardous pollutants to the environment and are of current concern to human health. Bioremediation, a process used to treat contaminated environment is an option that enhances the efficacy of the natural biodegradation process and degrade the target pollutants. Different species of bacteria have been reported for their ability to degrade pollutants to the environment. Nocardia live in diverse unfavorable environmental conditions and have a high catabolic capacity. This study aimed to screen and characterize Nocardia with bioremediation capability from Iranian diverse ecosystems. Result A total of 90 collected environmental samples were screened for Nocardia spp. The isolates were characterized based on conventional and molecular methods including sequence analysis of 16S rRNA. Growth rate in presence of pollutants, chromatography, Gibbs and turbidometric methods were used to determine bioremediation ability. The Nocardia isolates included 19 strains that belonged to 10 various species. The most prevalent Nocardia species were N. farcinica, 4 isolates (21%), followed by N. cyriacigeorgica and N. cashijiensis like, 3 isolates each (15.7%), and N. asteroids and N. kroppenstedtii 2 isolates each (10.5%). The isolates were classified in two categories based on their bioremediation ability: isolates with previously reported that have a bioremediation ability, and the isolates that showed bioremediation ability that first reported in the current study. Conclusions Our study showed that Nocardia spp. demonstrate high ability to degrade environmental chemical pollutants placing this bacteria among the best candidates for the detoxification of habitats contaminated with this chemical compounds. Background Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAHs), Phenolic compounds and sodium sulfate discharged from various activities, such as combustion of fossil fuels, shipping, use and disposal of petroleum products, agricultural burning, coal, and wood-preserving products are persistently hazardous pollutants to the environment and are of current concern to human health [1; 2]. Bioremediation, a process used to treat contaminated environment, including water, soil and subsurface material is an option that enhances the efficacy of the natural biodegradation process and degrade the target 3 pollutants. The advantages of bioremediation is the least requisite of overall energy and chemical substance[6]. Various bacterial species such as Burkholderia, Sphingomonas, Bacillus, Polaromonas, and Pseudomonas genera [8]. Members of actinomycetes such as Rhodococcus, Mycobacterium and Nocardia,, are a group of aquatic or terrestrial gram-positive bacteria with very simple to very complex cell structure, capable of decomposing a high variety of organic material, fixing nitrogen, and producing secondary metabolites that can degrade and consume.

Ultrasound-intensified laccase production from Trametes versicolor

“…Laccase (benzenediol: oxygen oxidoreductase; EC 1.10.3.2) belongs to a group of blue multicopper oxidases capable of catalyzing one-electron oxidation coupled to the reduction of molecular oxygen to water [1]. Laccases can oxidize a wide range of compounds, such as phenolic compounds, aromatic amines, and nonphenolic substrates in the presence of redox mediators [2].…”

Effect of Direct-Current Electric Field on Enzymatic Activity and the Concentration of Laccase

“…This indicates that laccase can accelerate electrode reaction with the effect of electric filed because laccase is a covellite oxidase. In addition, it belongs to the family of multicopper oxidases [12].…”

Fungal Bioremediation of Emerging Micropollutants in Municipal Wastewaters

“…A high loss of activity (67%) was observed in presence of TCS and HBT (Murugesan et al 2010). the use of crude extracts may be preferred to purified enzymes, since they are cheaper and may be more efficient due to the presence of natural mediators and several soluble molecules able to improve the catalytic efficiency and stability (Levin et al 2010, Majeau et al 2010, Morozova et al 2007, Strong and Claus 2010.…”