Laboratory verification of a new high flow differential mobility particle sizer, and field measurements in Hyytiälä

Kangasluoma, Juha; Ahonen, Lauri; Laurila, Tiia; Cai, Runlong; Enroth, Joonas; Mazon, Stephany Buenrostro; Korhonen, Frans; Aalto, Pasi; Kulmala, Markku; Attoui, Michel; Petäj̈ä, Tuukka

doi:10.1016/j.jaerosci.2018.06.009

Cited by 22 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…More recent particle size spectrometers that combine HR‐DMAs and low cutoff particle counters can detect particle sizes smaller than 2 nm. These instruments include D/SMPS systems with DEG‐based CPC (J. Jiang et al, ; Kangasluoma et al, ), as well as the DMA‐train (Stolzenburg et al, ) that consists of several DMAs in parallel set to different cutoff sizes. The main disadvantage of these new instruments is low counting efficiencies of particles at small sizes, due to low charging probabilities, low transmission efficiencies through the DMA, and diffusion losses throughout the system.…”

Section: Development Of New Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Particle Formation in the Atmosphere: From Molecular Clusters to Global Climate

et al. 2019

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New particle formation (NPF) represents the first step in the complex processes leading to formation of cloud condensation nuclei. Newly formed nanoparticles affect human health, air quality, weather, and climate. This review provides a brief history, synthesizes recent significant progresses, and outlines the challenges and future directions for research relevant to NPF. New developments include the emergence of state‐of‐the‐art instruments that measure prenucleation clusters and newly nucleated nanoparticles down to about 1 nm; systematic laboratory studies of multicomponent nucleation systems, including collaborative experiments conducted in the Cosmics Leaving Outdoor Droplets chamber at CERN; observations of NPF in different types of forests, extremely polluted urban locations, coastal sites, polar regions, and high‐elevation sites; and improved nucleation theories and parameterizations to account for NPF in atmospheric models. The challenges include the lack of understanding of the fundamental chemical mechanisms responsible for aerosol nucleation and growth under diverse environments, the effects of SO2 and NOx on NPF, and the contribution of anthropogenic organic compounds to NPF. It is also critical to develop instruments that can detect chemical composition of particles from 3 to 20 nm and improve parameterizations to represent NPF over a wide range of atmospheric conditions of chemical precursor, temperature, and humidity.

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Section: Development Of New Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Particle Formation in the Atmosphere: From Molecular Clusters to Global Climate

et al. 2019

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“…The transfer function and the sizing resolution of the new half-mini DMA can be approximated using the theoretical transfer function at relatively low flow rates. For instance, when classifying 1.48 nm aerosols at an aerosol-to-sheath flow ratio of 5/100 lpm/lpm which was the flow rate configuration for the half-mini differential mobility particle spectrometer (HFDMPS, Kangasluoma et al 2018), the empirical transfer function agreed well with the theoretical transfer function and the multiplicative broadening factor (fσ) was 1.11 (Fig. 2).…”

Section: Sizing Resolutionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Characterization of a high-resolution supercritical differential mobility analyzer at reduced flow rates

Cai

Attoui

Jiang

et al. 2018

Aerosol Science and Technology

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Classifying sub-3 nm particles effectively with relatively high penetration efficiencies and sizing resolutions is important for atmospheric new particle formation studies. A high-resolution supercritical differential mobility analyzer (half-mini DMA) was recently improved to classify aerosols at a sheath flow rate less than 100 liters per minute (lpm). In this study, we characterized the transfer functions, the penetration efficiencies, and the sizing resolution of the new half-mini DMA at the aerosol flow rate of 2.5-10 lpm and the sheath flow rate of 25-250 lpm using tetra-alkyl ammonium ions and tungsten oxide particles. The transfer functions of the new half-mini DMA at an aerosol flow rate lower than 5 lpm and a sheath flow rate lower than 150 lpm agree well with predictions using a theoretical diffusing transfer function. The penetration efficiencies can be approximated using an empirical formula. When classifying 1.48 nm molecular ions at an aerosol-to-sheath flow ratio of 5/50 lpm/lpm, the penetration efficiency, the sizing resolution, and the multiplicative broadening factor of the new half-mini DMA are 0.18, 6.8, and 1.11, respectively. Compared to other sub-3 nm DMAs applied in atmospheric measurements (e.g., the mini-cyDMA, the TSI DMA 3086, the TSI nanoDMA 3085, and the Grimm S-DMA), the new half-mini DMA characterized in this study is able to classify particles at higher aerosol and sheath flow rates, leading to a higher sizing resolution at the same aerosol-to-sheath flow ratio. Accordingly, the new half-mini DMA can reduce the uncertainties in atmospheric new particle formation measurement if coupled with an aerosol detector that could work at the corresponding high aerosol flow rate.

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“…The experimental setup is the classical setup and method used during the last few decades for the generation of sub-10 nm and detection-efficiency measurements with a high particle size resolution. It is widely documented in the literature [25,[42][43][44][45][46][47]. The high resolution generator is a combination of a home-made electrospray source [22] and a high resolution Attoui-type DMA [44].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The liquid flow rate in the capillary is close to the minimal value at which a steady Taylor cone-jet could be stabilized. The DMA has been widely described in the literature [44,45]. Here only a brief description is given.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Activation of sub 2 nm Water Soluble and Insoluble Standard Ions with Saturated Vapors of Butanol in a Boosted TSI ultrafine CPC

Attoui

Kangasluoma

2019

Atmosphere

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Tetraheptylammonium bromide (THABr), tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBABr) and tetraethylammonium bromide (TEABr) dissolved in methanol or water methanol mixtures (~ 1mM) produce via positive electrospray atomization and high resolution classification electrical classification standard clean ions (monomer and dimer) which are singly charged. THABr is hydrophobic and insoluble in water, TBABr and TEABr are hygroscopic and water soluble (0.6 and 2.8 kg/l respectively). These ions are used to study the effect of hygroscopicity on the activation of aerosol particles in the sub 2 nm range via the detection efficiency measurement of a boosted ultrafine TSI condensation particle counter (3025A). Water solubility of particles seems to play a role in the activation and growth with butanol vapor in the CPC (condensation particle counter) independently of the size.

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Laboratory verification of a new high flow differential mobility particle sizer, and field measurements in Hyytiälä

Cited by 22 publications

References 47 publications

New Particle Formation in the Atmosphere: From Molecular Clusters to Global Climate

New Particle Formation in the Atmosphere: From Molecular Clusters to Global Climate

Characterization of a high-resolution supercritical differential mobility analyzer at reduced flow rates

Activation of sub 2 nm Water Soluble and Insoluble Standard Ions with Saturated Vapors of Butanol in a Boosted TSI ultrafine CPC

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