Laboratory Vector Competence of Culex (Melanoconion) Cedecei for Sympatric and Allopatric Venezuelan Equine Encephalomyelitis Viruses

Weaver, Scott C.; Scherer, William F.; Taylor, Charles A.; Castello, Daniel A.; Cupp, Eddie W.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1986.35.619

Cited by 28 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…taeniopus was previously demonstrated to be unaffected by colonization. 18,19 The low infection and lack of dissemination for epizootic IAB we measured are consistent with findings of previously published studies. 4,17,19 Intrathoracic inoculation of Cx.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Vector Competence of Culex (Melanoconion) taeniopus for Equine-Virulent Subtype IE Strains of Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus

Deardorff¹,

Weaver

2010

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. The mosquito Culex ( Melanoconion ) taeniopus is a proven vector of enzootic Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) subtype IE in Central America. It has been shown to be highly susceptible to infection by this subtype, and conversely to be highly refractory to infection by other VEEV subtypes. During the 1990s in southern coastal Mexico, two VEE epizootics in horses were attributed to subtype IE VEEV. These outbreaks were associated with VEEV strains with an altered infection phenotype for the epizootic mosquito vector, Aedes ( Ochlerotatus ) taeniorhynchus. To determine the infectivity for the enzootic vector, Culex taeniopus, mosquitoes from a recently established colony were orally exposed to VEEV strains from the outbreak. The equine-virulent strains exhibited high infectivity and transmission potential comparable to a traditional enzootic subtype IE VEEV strain. Thus, subtype IE VEEV strains in Chiapas are able to efficiently infect enzootic and epizootic vectors and cause morbidity and mortality in horses.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Vector Competence of Culex (Melanoconion) taeniopus for Equine-Virulent Subtype IE Strains of Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus

Deardorff¹,

Weaver

2010

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…Special consideration must be given to enzootic foci containing mosquitoes capable of transmitting enzootic and epizootic viruses, such as Cx. cedecei Stone & Hair (Weaver et al 1986) and Cx. ocossa Dyar & Knab , and other species where both types of viruses have been isolated (e.g., Culex (Deinocerites) pseudes, sensu Navarro and Liria 2000;Scherer and Dṍaz 1972;Sudia 1972).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Spatial Dispersion of Adult Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in a Sylvatic Focus of Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus

et al. 2001

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We studied the spatial localization of mosquitoes in sylvatic focus of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus in western Venezuela to identify mosquito species potentially involved in the hypothesized transport of viruses out of enzootic foci. The following criteria were used to identify species with potential for virus export: (1) common in the forest and surrounding area, (2) feeding on a wide range of vertebrates; (3) long dispersal capabilities, and (4) established vectorial competence for enzootic or epizootic VEE viruses. CDC traps baited with light/CO2 were operated for four and 12-h intervals to collect mosquitoes at four stations along two forest/open area transects from September to November 1997. We collected 60,444 mosquitoes belonging to 11 genera and 34 species. The most common species were Aedes serratus (Theobald), Ae. scapularis (Rondani), Ae. fulvus (Wiedmann), Culex nigripalus Theobald, Cx, (Culex) "sp", Cx. mollis Dyar & Knab, Cx. spissipes (Theobald), Cx. pedroi Sirivanakarn and Belkin, Psorophora ferox (Humboldt), Ps. albipes (Theobald), and Ps. cingulata (F.). Very few mosquitoes were captured during the (day in the open area outside the forest, suggesting that any virus export from the forest may occur at night. The following mosquitoes seemed to be mostly restricted to the forest habitat: Ae. serratus, Ps. ferox, Ps. albipes, sabethines, Cx. spissipes, Cx. pedroi, Cx. dunni Dyar, and Ae. fulvus. The main species implicated its potential virus export were Cx. nigripalpus, Ae. scapularis, and Mansonia titillans (Walker).

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“…Members of the Culex (Melanoconion) subgenus have been implicated as the primary vectors of both enzootic VEEV (15,42,51,52,59,67) and SA EEEV (28,33,53,58) in Central and South America. While these mosquitoes are known to feed on a variety of vertebrates, a primary vertebrate host(s) for SA EEEV has not yet been identified.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Venezuelan equine encephalitis viruses (VEEV), which also utilize Culex (Melanoconion) sp. vectors and small mammals as primary vertebrate hosts (15,42,51,52,59,67), exhibit a similar genetic pattern of independent evolution and multiple, cocirculating subtypes in Central and South America (60). However, a robust comparison of the evolutionary patterns between SA EEEV and VEEV has not been conducted.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary Patterns of Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus in North versus South America Suggest Ecological Differences and Taxonomic Revision

Arrigo

Adams

Weaver

2010

J Virol

111

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The eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) complex consists of four distinct genetic lineages: one that circulates in North America (NA EEEV) and the Caribbean and three that circulate in Central and South America (SA EEEV). Differences in their geographic, pathogenic, and epidemiologic profiles prompted evaluation of their genetic diversity and evolutionary histories. The structural polyprotein open reading frames of all available SA EEEV and recent NA EEEV isolates were sequenced and used in evolutionary and phylogenetic analyses. The nucleotide substitution rate per year for SA EEEV (1.2 ؋ 10 ؊4 ) was lower and more consistent than that for NA EEEV (2.7 ؋ 10 ؊4 ), which exhibited considerable rate variation among constituent clades. Estimates of time since divergence varied widely depending upon the sequences used, with NA and SA EEEV diverging ca. 922 to 4,856 years ago and the two main SA EEEV lineages diverging ca. 577 to 2,927 years ago. The single, monophyletic NA EEEV lineage exhibited mainly temporally associated relationships and was highly conserved throughout its geographic range. In contrast, SA EEEV comprised three divergent lineages, two consisting of highly conserved geographic groupings that completely lacked temporal associations. A phylogenetic comparison of SA EEEV and Venezuelan equine encephalitis viruses (VEEV) demonstrated similar genetic and evolutionary patterns, consistent with the well-documented use of mammalian reservoir hosts by VEEV. Our results emphasize the evolutionary and genetic divergences between members of the NA and SA EEEV lineages, consistent with major differences in pathogenicity and ecology, and propose that NA and SA EEEV be reclassified as distinct species in the EEE complex.

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Laboratory Vector Competence of Culex (Melanoconion) Cedecei for Sympatric and Allopatric Venezuelan Equine Encephalomyelitis Viruses

Cited by 28 publications

References 0 publications

Vector Competence of Culex (Melanoconion) taeniopus for Equine-Virulent Subtype IE Strains of Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus

Vector Competence of Culex (Melanoconion) taeniopus for Equine-Virulent Subtype IE Strains of Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus

Spatial Dispersion of Adult Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in a Sylvatic Focus of Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus

Evolutionary Patterns of Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus in North versus South America Suggest Ecological Differences and Taxonomic Revision

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