Laboratory-to-Field Extrapolation in Aquatic Sciences

Vignati, Davide A.L.; Ferrari, B.; Dominik, Janusz

doi:10.1021/es0724745

Cited by 32 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(65 reference statements)

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“…In addition to using natural matrices (i.e., natural waters, soil or sediments) and environmentally relevant concentrations of reactants (Vignati et al 2007), it is helpful to synthesize materials that have a similar morphology, nanoscale structure, and composition as the natural materials of interest. In this particular study, we show that some of our synthetic sulfate green rust products did have a remarkable similarity to the green rusts found in the mine drainage water and sediment of our field site, including polycrystalline, incoherent structures and association with silica.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polycrystallinity of green rust minerals and their synthetic analogs: Implications for particle formation and reactivity in complex systems

Johnson

Murayama

Küsel

et al. 2015

American Mineralogist

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We demonstrate in this study that natural green rust nanoparticles and their synthetic analogs can be complex polycrystalline phases composed of crystallites only a few nanometers in size, and they often include nanometer-sized regions of amorphous material. The natural green rusts are Zn-bearing pseudo-hexagonal platelets previously identified by us in the contaminated mine drainage of the former Ronneburg uranium mine in Germany (Johnson et al. 2014). We also identified Ni-and Cubearing green rust platelets in the sediment underlying the drainage outflow 20 m downstream, and, using dark-field transmission electron microscopy (DF-TEM), found that these natural green rusts are not usually structurally coherent single crystals. Synthetic sulfate green rusts are also polycrystalline and composed of crystallites of only a few nanometers in size, though different synthesis conditions produced different patterns of polycrystallinity. While pseudo-hexagonal platelets are the typical morphology of green rust, we also synthesized green rust nanorods, which have not previously been reported. In addition to the known characteristics of green rusts (including a very large aspect ratio and surface area to volume ratio, and the redox properties allowed by the structural mixture of Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ ), these polycrystalline platelets exhibit a high abundance of defect sites and likely a rough surface topography. The combination of these characteristics has important implications for the reactivity of green rust with biogeochemical interfaces in natural and anthropogenic systems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polycrystallinity of green rust minerals and their synthetic analogs: Implications for particle formation and reactivity in complex systems

Johnson

Murayama

Küsel

et al. 2015

American Mineralogist

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“…Risk assessment faces an increasing pressure to test more chemicals at a lower cost [12]. Experimental studies, in addition to being costly and time consuming, provide limited information with specific test conditions, such as toxicant concentrations, food levels, and toxicity endpoints [13,16,20,39]. In comparison, the use of an individual-based model allowed predictions to be made at any toxicity inhibition level along with various combinations of environmental stressors.…”

Section: Advantages Of Theoretical Modeling and Implications For Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting the sensitivity of populations from individual exposure to chemicals: The role of ecological interactions

Gabsi

Schäffer

Preuß

2014

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Population responses to chemical stress exposure are influenced by nonchemical, environmental processes such as species interactions. A realistic quantification of chemical toxicity to populations calls for the use of methodologies that integrate these multiple stress effects. The authors used an individual-based model for Daphnia magna as a virtual laboratory to determine the influence of ecological interactions on population sensitivity to chemicals with different modes of action on individuals. In the model, hypothetical chemical toxicity targeted different vital individual-level processes: reproduction, survival, feeding rate, or somatic growth rate. As for species interactions, predatory and competition effects on daphnid populations were implemented following a worst-case approach. The population abundance was simulated at different food levels and exposure scenarios, assuming exposure to chemical stress solely or in combination with either competition or predation. The chemical always targeted one vital endpoint. Equal toxicity-inhibition levels differently affected the population abundance with and without species interactions. In addition, population responses to chemicals were highly sensitive to the environmental stressor (predator or competitor) and to the food level. Results show that population resilience cannot be attributed to chemical stress only. Accounting for the relevant ecological interactions would reduce uncertainties when extrapolating effects of chemicals from individuals to the population level. Validated population models should be used for a more realistic risk assessment of chemicals.

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“…ERA has many experimental approaches at its disposal to address the extrapolation practices (Vignati et al 2007). Many of these approaches are purely empirical, in that data are gathered, statistical tests performed, relevant threshold concentrations derived, and appropriate assessment factors applied (Van den Brink 2008).…”

Section: Ecological Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traits‐based approaches in bioassessment and ecological risk assessment: Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats

Brink

Alexander

Desrosiers³

et al. 2011

Integr Envir Assess & Manag

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We discuss the application of traits-based bioassessment approaches in retrospective bioassessment as well as in prospective ecological risk assessments in regulatory frameworks. Both approaches address the interaction between species and stressors and their consequences at different levels of biological organization, but the fact that a specific species may be less abundant in a potentially impacted site compared with a reference site is, regrettably, insufficient to provide diagnostic information. Species traits may, however, overcome the problems associated with taxonomy-based bioassessment. Trait-based approaches could provide signals regarding what environmental factors may be responsible for the impairment and, thereby, provide causal insight into the interaction between species and stressors. For development of traits-based (TBA), traits should correspond to specific types of stressors or suites of stressors. In this paper, a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis of TBA in both applications was used to identify challenges and potentials. This paper is part of a series describing the output of the TERA (Traits-based ecological risk assessment: Realising the potential of ecoinformatics approaches in ecotoxicology) Workshop held between 7 and 11 September, 2009, in Burlington, Ontario, Canada. The recognized strengths were that traits are transferrable across geographies, add mechanistic and diagnostic knowledge, require no new sampling methodology, have an old tradition, and can supplement taxonomic analysis. Weaknesses include autocorrelation, redundancy, and inability to protect biodiversity directly. Automated image analysis, combined with genetic and biotechnology tools and improved data analysis to solve autocorrelation problems were identified as opportunities, whereas low availability of trait data, their transferability, their quantitative interpretation, the risk of developing nonrelevant traits, low quality of historic databases, and their standardization were listed as threats.

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Laboratory-to-Field Extrapolation in Aquatic Sciences

Cited by 32 publications

References 37 publications

Polycrystallinity of green rust minerals and their synthetic analogs: Implications for particle formation and reactivity in complex systems

Polycrystallinity of green rust minerals and their synthetic analogs: Implications for particle formation and reactivity in complex systems

Predicting the sensitivity of populations from individual exposure to chemicals: The role of ecological interactions

Traits‐based approaches in bioassessment and ecological risk assessment: Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats

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