Laboratory Tests to Optimize the Milking Machine Settings with Air Inlet Teat Cups for Sheep and Goats

Kaskous, Shehadeh

doi:10.3390/dairy3010003

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 25 publications

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“…The performance of the milking machine, its reliability, and noise level depend on the vacuum pump. There are a significant number of different vacuum pumps in the market, which allows one to improve the old and develop new milking machines based on them, which is indicated in [11,12].…”

Section: Literature Review and Problem Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Justifying parameters for the automatic servo control system of a rotary plate vacuum pump in the milking machine

Aliiev

Paliy²,

Kis³

et al. 2022

EEJET

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The scientific task to improve energy efficiency and ensure the process of vacuum regime stabilization in the operation of milking machines has been solved. A mathematical model of the process of functioning of the servo control system of a rotary plate vacuum pump was built; the numerical modeling of its workflow was carried out. This paper reports the results of experimental studies on the influence of the regime parameters of the rotary plate vacuum pump on the efficiency of its operation, as well as the results of experimental research on the servo control system for the rotary plate vacuum pump. The operational process of the rotary plate vacuum pump HB-1200 for a milking machine was investigated. The influence of mode parameters (rotor speed n and vacuum pressure P) on the performance of the vacuum pump, Qa, vacuum pressure fluctuation, ΔP, and the power consumption of the vacuum pump drive, Np, has been determined. The servo control system of the rotary plate vacuum pump was experimentally investigated based on the developed algorithms of its operation. In a generally accepted algorithm, vacuum fluctuation increases with increasing an airflow rate: at ΔQa=45 l/min – ΔP=2.3 kPa; at ΔQa=90 l/min – ΔP=4.6 kPa; at ΔQa=135 l/min – ΔP=6.4 kPa. Unlike the generally accepted one, the developed algorithm enables a stable vacuum mode with the largest vacuum fluctuation being ΔP=2.4 kPa. For the first time, the functional dependence of the influence of the regime parameters of the rotary plate vacuum pump with its automatic servo control system on the stability of the vacuum regime of a milk-vacuum system in the milking machine was established. The results can be applied when improving milking machines in terms of ensuring the stabilization process of the vacuum regime.

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Section: Literature Review and Problem Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Justifying parameters for the automatic servo control system of a rotary plate vacuum pump in the milking machine

Aliiev

Paliy²,

Kis³

et al. 2022

EEJET

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Prediction of some milk production traits using udder and teat measurements with a spotlight on their genetic background in Friesian cows

Saleh,

Easa,

EL-Hedainy

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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The aggregate udder shape (Bowl, Round, Cup), udder measurements (udder width, UW, udder front depth, UFD, udder rear depth, URD, udder levelness, ULV, udder heights, UH) and teat measurements (teat diameters, TD, front teat length, FTL, rear teat length, RTL, distance between front teats, DFT and distance between rear teats, DRT) were measured on 1300 Friesian cows located in a commercial farm under subtropical conditions (Egypt) to appraise udder and teats status and to evaluate the possible relationships with some milk production characteristics in conjunction with udder shape, age at first calving, sire and inbreeding effects on udder morphological traits and milk production ability. For such an available sample size, parity had affected (P < 0.01) UFD, TD, FTL and RTL. In addition, udder shape affected (P < 0.01) UW, UFD, URD, ULV and DFT. None of the other studied factors affected milk production traits. The bowl udder shape (P < 0.01) yielded a high total milk yield (3267.19 kg), adjusted milk yield (2443.01 kg) and lactation length (480.70 d) compared to other udder shapes. The genetic correlations of UW with total milk yield and persistency were strongly positive (0.86 and 0.93, respectively). However, strong negative genetic correlations were found between UW with peak milk yield and lactation length (− 0.92 and − 0.80, respectively), between RTL with peak milk yield (− 0.92) and DRT with persistency (− 0.79). As found from the stepwise multiple regression, UW and URD can be used as good indicators for predicting milk yield and lactation length. Additionally, this study spotlights the genetic background of udder characteristics based on reliable studies and the QTL database for cattle as a first step toward applying this knowledge side by side with phenotypic traits to improve the productivity of the Holstein breed under subtropical conditions.

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Milking Machine Settings and Liner Design Are Important to Improve Milking Efficiency and Lactating Animal Welfare—Technical Note

Kaskous,

Pfaffl

2023

AgriEngineering

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The purpose of milking machines is to harvest milk at optimal quality and speed, while maintaining animal comfort and teat defense mechanisms against invading mastitis pathogens. Therefore, the milking machine is a very important piece of equipment on dairy farms to maintain a long healthy lactation by following the physiological conditions of the udder. The mechanical forces during long-term machine milking processes lead to changes in the teat tissue. This effect is related to the degree of adaptation of the milking machines to the physiological requirements of the individual udder anatomy and the physiological conditions of the lactating animals. If both, milking machine settings and liner design are not suitable for all teats and animals on the farm, some animals will not be fully milked, the teat condition will deteriorate over time and in the end, they may suffer from mastitis. Therefore, maintaining healthy udders and teats during milking is a central key component of an effective milking machine to produce good milk yield with higher quality by preventing mastitis and maintaining animal health and welfare. On large and thick teats, conventional liners often fit too tight, causing a massive mechanical stress load on the tissue. On small teats, however, they often do not adhere sufficiently close to the teat which can cause a considerable air admission and hence liner slips. The new liners, “Stimulor® StressLess” (Siliconform, Türkheim, Germany), have a wave-like lip construction and adapt well to the different teat sizes in a herd, thus ensuring consistent milking of lactating animals. A proper milking machine accommodates all teat sizes and forms, has a low vacuum to effectively open the teat and to stimulate physiological milk release and letdown. In addition, the right pulsation rate will maintain a stable vacuum on the teat area during milking. In conclusion, an ideal milking machine adapts to the morphological, anatomical, and physiological characteristics of the udder and teats of the lactating animals and it should achieve a physiologically ideal milking process that meets high animal welfare standards and increases milk production with a high quality standard.

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Laboratory Tests to Optimize the Milking Machine Settings with Air Inlet Teat Cups for Sheep and Goats

Cited by 6 publications

References 25 publications

Justifying parameters for the automatic servo control system of a rotary plate vacuum pump in the milking machine

Justifying parameters for the automatic servo control system of a rotary plate vacuum pump in the milking machine

Prediction of some milk production traits using udder and teat measurements with a spotlight on their genetic background in Friesian cows

Milking Machine Settings and Liner Design Are Important to Improve Milking Efficiency and Lactating Animal Welfare—Technical Note

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