Laboratory Study of the Influence of Mineral Salts on Swelling (KCl, MgCl2)

Belabbaci, Zineb; Mamoune, Sidi Mohamed Aissa; Bekkouche, Abdelmalek

doi:10.5539/esr.v2n2p135

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The application of the NaCl solutions caused the consolidation and collapse of the sand-clay mixture; as a result of the compression, its hydraulic conductivity was reduced. This result is in agreement with the findings of Belabaci [31] stating that the addition of chlorides increases the mechanical strength and the bearing capacity of clays. Reddy et al [32] see NaCl as a "good stabilizer", since it helps in suppressing the expansion of plastic clay when applying a minimum effort; moreover, it can increase the hydraulic conductivity of liners, although not for all types of clay.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Effect of Fluid Chemistry on the Consolidation and Hydraulic Conductivity of Sand-Clay Liners

Dafalla

2021

Sustainability

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The clay swelling potential of sand-clay liners exposed to saline water or specific chemicals can influence their hydraulic conductivity and other consolidation properties. The effect of saline water or chemicals on the sand-clay liners was thus studied and evaluated. The consolidation characteristics of the sand-clay liner can be different when tested under different fluid media. Bentonite and cement grouts are chemicals that have a significant effect on the sand-clay liners. Cement and bentonite can be used to seal off the openings within the liner to repair a defect or a malfunction. In this study, Al-Qatif clay was used to form a sand-clay liner when mixed with fine-grained sand (clay is 20% by dry weight). Soil samples extracted from this liner were exposed to inorganic chemical solutions. NaCl and CaCl2 solutions with concentration ranges of 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1.5% were used. Acidic water with pH values of 4, 5, and 6 was similarly used as fluid media. The effects of NaCl, CaCl2, and water with different acidity on the consolidation characteristics and hydraulic conductivity were obtained and compared to those of the distilled water. The effects of grout materials containing bentonite (1%, 2%, and 3% by weight) and cement (2.5%, 5%, and 7.5% by weight) were also investigated. The addition of bentonite grout to the liner surface was found to improve its hydraulic conductivity. The cement effect on the compressibility was found to be very significant. The findings of this study can serve as a guide for selecting parameters in the design and assessment of sand-clay liners in semi-arid regions and coastal zones.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Effect of Fluid Chemistry on the Consolidation and Hydraulic Conductivity of Sand-Clay Liners

Dafalla

2021

Sustainability

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“…The amount of lime required to achieve significant improvement varies from 5% to 10% according to the US Army Corps of Engineers, 1994 [7]. Other research studies [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] reported that the addition of CaCl 2 can increase the initial and long-term strength of constructed roadbed materials and improve their durability due to cation exchange and flocculation of soil particles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Combined Effect of Calcium Chloride and Cement on Expansive Soil Materials

2023

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In this study, the chemical stabilization of moderately to highly plastic expansive soil using calcium chloride with added cement is introduced as an effective alternative to the conventional approaches using a single additive such as lime, cement, or a by-product of industrial processes. Using only calcium chloride may lead to its leaching or dissolution over time, leaving a collapsing skeleton with weak bonds. The chemical effect produced by additives is dependent on the constituents of the stabilized soil and the curing period considered. Herein, calcium chloride concentrations of 2%, 4%, and 8% with the addition of 2% cement by dry weight of the soil were considered. The main objective of this study is to investigate the addition of a low amount of cement as a binder to improve the strength and durability of a chemically treated expansive soil. The engineering properties were investigated at 3 curing times: 3 days, 7 days, and 28 days. A laboratory investigation was carried out to investigate the effect of the addition of calcium chloride with cement on the swell potential, swell pressure, compression index, suction, and unconfined compressive strength. Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX) testing was conducted. The X-ray diffraction patterns were recorded to observe the mineralogy of the material. The results confirmed that calcium chloride with cement is very effective for stabilizing the expansive soil. A reduction in the swell potential by 8% and 25% and a reduction in swelling pressure by 28% and 37.4% were observed for 4% and 8% calcium chloride with cement addition. The compression index decreased with the increase in the calcium chloride content.

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“…Their results showed great reduction in swelling and significant increasing in strength properties of these soils. Belabbaci et al [14] studied the effect of potassium chloride (KCl) and magnesium chloride (MgCl 2 ) solution on increasing the mechanical strength and bearing capacity of clay and it was found that addition of salts increased strength and reduced swelling and soil absorption capacity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Some Chloride Salts on Swelling Properties of Expansive Soil

Zumrawi¹,

Mahjoub²,

Alnour³

2022

kuej

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This paper aims to provide a proposed correlation for Sudanese crude oil in order to estimate solution gas oil- ratio directly without depending on laboratory measurements.There are many correlations that were utilized for a number of international crude oils. However, because the components of crude differ from region to region, it is difficult to use any specified correlation for different regions and that is simply because each region has its own properties. The core hypothesis of this paper is to find that there is a correlation between the solution gas- oil ratios as a function of the physical properties of the critical temperature, critical pressure, normal boiling temperature, bubble point pressure and gas specific gravity. In these the logarithmic regression method on Microsoft Excel Statistics Package programme used to find this correlation. The obtained results should that there are coefficients for correlation pilot. The correlations were tested using laboratory data in order to justify their accuracy and usefulness using statistical tools and graphics. The results obtained well agreed with laboratory results .The results were compared with other values obtained from international correlations which are used to calculate the solution gas oil ratio.The study indicates that this new correlation can predict well the solution gas oil ratio for Sudanese crude oil when compared to any other known correlations.

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Laboratory Study of the Influence of Mineral Salts on Swelling (KCl, MgCl2)

Cited by 6 publications

References 4 publications

Effect of Fluid Chemistry on the Consolidation and Hydraulic Conductivity of Sand-Clay Liners

Effect of Fluid Chemistry on the Consolidation and Hydraulic Conductivity of Sand-Clay Liners

The Combined Effect of Calcium Chloride and Cement on Expansive Soil Materials

Effect of Some Chloride Salts on Swelling Properties of Expansive Soil

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