Laboratory Scale Stabilization of N-Springs Groundwater Strontium-9O Using Phosphatic Materials

Moody, T. E.; Petersen, Scott W.; Torne, E. G.; Vicakova, J.; Higginbotham, J.F.

doi:10.21236/ada349254

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…HPO 4 2− , Ca 2+ , and SO 4 2− were added in a 1:1 molar ratio with U(VI). For comparison, Ca 2+ concentrations include values from 0.25 to 4.2 m M at the Hanford site [ Moody et al ., ; Simon et al ., ; Zachara et al ., ] and 2.5 to 41 m M at the Oak Ridge site [ USEPA , ]. For SO 4 2− , concentrations include values from 0.25 to 0.61 m M at the Hanford site [ U.S. Department of Energy , ; Zachara et al ., ; Vermeul et al ., ] and a value of 2.13 m M at the Oak Ridge site.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Pore‐scale evaluation of uranyl phosphate precipitation in a model groundwater system

Fanizza

Yoon

Zhang

et al. 2013

Water Resources Research

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[1] The abiotic precipitation of uranium (U(VI)) was evaluated in a microfluidic pore network (i.e., micromodel) to assess the efficacy of using a phosphate amendment to immobilize uranium in groundwater. U(VI) was mixed transverse to the direction of flow with hydrogen phosphate (HPO 4 2À ), in the presence or absence of calcium (Ca 2þ ) or sulfate (SO 4 2À ), in order to identify precipitation rates, morphology and types of minerals formed, and effects of mineral precipitates on pore blockage. Precipitation occurred over the time scale of hours to days. Relative to when only U(VI) and HPO 4 2À were present, precipitation rates were 2.3 times slower when SO 4 2À was present, and 1.4 times faster when Ca 2þ was present; larger crystals formed in the presence of SO 4 2À. Raman backscattering spectroscopy and micro-X-ray diffraction results both showed that the only mineral precipitated was chernikovite, UO 2 HPO 4 Á 4H 2 O; energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy results indicate that Ca and S are not incorporated into the chernikovite lattice. A pore-scale model was developed, and simulation results of saturation ratio (SR ¼ Q/K sp ) suggest that chernikovite is the least thermodynamically favored mineral to precipitate (0 < SR < 1) compared to uranyl hydrogen phosphate and Na-autunite (13 < SR < 40), and uranyl orthophosphate and Ca-autunite (when Ca 2þ is present; SR > 10 5 ). Fluorescent tracer studies and laser confocal microscopy images showed that densely aggregated precipitates blocked pores and reduced permeability. The results suggest that uranium precipitation with phosphate as chernikovite is rapid on the time scale of remediation for the conditions considered and can block pores, alter fluid flow paths, and potentially limit mixing and precipitation.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Pore‐scale evaluation of uranyl phosphate precipitation in a model groundwater system

Fanizza

Yoon

Zhang

et al. 2013

Water Resources Research

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“…The authentic BYBY water contains elevated levels of Cu, Pb, Mn, U, and other contaminants of concern (Report Y/ER-285). Moody et al (1996), Report BHI-00864. Inorganic contaminants of concern in Hanford soil and water (N-Springs area) include U, 90 Sr, As, Cd, Pb, and Se.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Commercial bone char has been demonstrated to be an effective treatment medium for aqueous solutions of uranium (Moody et al, 1996;Bostick et al, 2000) and other heavy metals, such as lead, cadmium, copper, and zinc (Cheung et al, 2000). The hydroxyapatite (Ca 5 (PO 4 ) 3 OH) component of typical commercial cow bone char product is 70-76 wt% (Cheung et al, 2000).…”

Section: Preparation Of a Bone Char Productmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Strontium is readily incorporated into growing calcium phosphate crystal lattices, due to the similarity of its ionic radius with that of calcium (Zawacki et al, 1986), although there is a significant discrimination against Sr incorporation in mixed precipitates (in agreement with the observed discrimination against Sr in the bones and teeth of a living organism; Driessens, 1986). Moody et al (1996) investigated various media for the stabilization of radioactive 90 Sr, such as found in soil at the Hanford Site. The ability to retain Sr in media-amended soil decreased in the order: clinoptilolite (zeolite) > bone char > synthetic hydroxyapatite > fossil apatite (phosphate rock).…”

Section: Literature Expectationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Use of Apatite for Chemical Stabilization of Subsurface Contaminants

Bostick¹

2003

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“…Processing of radioactive waste may result in an accidental release of the radionuclides during characterization, segregation, transportation, treatment, and disposal. By the review of the inventory of fission products important in the case of accidental releases, it can be concluded that 89 Sr, 90 Sr/ 90 Y, 91 Sr, 92 Sr, 95 Zr, 97 Zr, 103 Ru/ 103m Rh, 105 Rh, 129m Te/ l29 Te, 131m Te/ 131 Te, 132 Te, [131][132][133][134][135] Another key source of soil contamination with radionuclides is nuclear weapons tests, particularly atmospheric, which have started in 1945 in the USA [17]. In the period 1945-1980, the power of USA atmospheric tests (428 megatons) was approximately equivalent of the size of 29,000 Hiroshima bombs [17].…”

Section: The Key Sources Of Soil Contamination By Radioactive Pollutantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radioactive Contamination of the Soil: Assessments of Pollutants Mobility with Implication to Remediation Strategies

Smičiklas¹,

Šljivić-Ivanović²

2016

Soil Contamination - Current Consequences and Further Solutions

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Accidental releases, nuclear weapons testing, and inadequate practices of radioactive waste disposal are the principal human activities responsible for radioactive contamination as a new and global form of soil degradation. Understanding the radionuclide distribution, mobility and bioavailability, as well as the changes caused by the variation of environmental conditions, is essential for soil rehabilitation. This chapter aims to highlight the importance of evaluating radionuclide distribution, for the selection of proper in situ or ex situ remediation strategy. Attention was focused onto remediation methods based on radioactive pollutants redistribution, for enhanced separation (chemical extraction) or containment (in situ immobilization). When the excavation and off-site leaching treatments are uneconomic, impractical, or unnecessary, in situ stabilization by the addition of appropriate reactive materials is an alternative approach. The optimization of factors in control of chemical leaching methods, selection of costeffective immobilization agents, especially among suitable wastes and by-products, and verification of long-term effects of remediating actions are the major challenges for future investigation in this field. Furthermore, the improvement and standardization of the methods for radionuclide speciation are necessary to enable comparison between studies and monitoring of the effects achieved by the soil treatments.

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Laboratory Scale Stabilization of N-Springs Groundwater Strontium-9O Using Phosphatic Materials

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Pore‐scale evaluation of uranyl phosphate precipitation in a model groundwater system

Pore‐scale evaluation of uranyl phosphate precipitation in a model groundwater system

Use of Apatite for Chemical Stabilization of Subsurface Contaminants

Radioactive Contamination of the Soil: Assessments of Pollutants Mobility with Implication to Remediation Strategies

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