Laboratory Populations as a Resource for Understanding the Relationship Between Genotypes and Phenotypes

Berthier, Karine; Chapuis, Marie Pierre; Simpson, Stephen J.; Ferenz, Hans‐Jörg; Kane, Cherif Mohamed Habib; Kang, Le; Lange, Angela B.; Ott, Swidbert R.; Ebbe, Mohamed Abdallahi Ould Babah; Rodenburg, Kees W.; Rogers, Stephen M.; Torto, Baldwyn; Broeck, Jozef Vanden; Loon, Joop J. A. van; Sword, Gregory A.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-381387-9.00001-4

Cited by 25 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…It may be added that when a locust colony is transferred from one laboratory to another, usually a limited number of adults or egg pods are actually transferred, not the whole colony. Berthier et al (2010), investigating various colonies of locusts, found that even in standard and static laboratory colonies there is a genetic drift, meaning lowering the allele richness. After so many transfers of the albino strain of S. gregaria, the possibility of loss, or partial loss, of phase-dependent morphometric shift should be further investigated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase-dependent morphometric traits of the albino strain of Schistocerca gregaria (Orthoptera: Acrididae)

Pener¹

2017

JOR

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Sugahara et al. (2017) reported that unlike the wild type, the albino strain of Schistocerca gregaria does not show phase-dependent shift in the morphometric ratio of F/C (= length of the hind femur/maximum width of the head [caput]). In contrast, my old, unpublished, observations clearly demonstrate that S. gregaria albinos exhibited considerable phasedependent shift in the morphometric ratios F/C and E/F (= length of the fore-wing [elytron] divided by length of the hind femur). Considering the report of Sugahara et al. (2017), I decided to publish my old results.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase-dependent morphometric traits of the albino strain of Schistocerca gregaria (Orthoptera: Acrididae)

Pener¹

2017

JOR

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“…Such differences in tychoparthenogenetic capacities between locust populations might be explained by differences in their level of inbreeding depression (faced by fully homozygous parthenogenetic locusts) linked to the history of purging. Indeed, the establishment and maintenance of laboratory populations may involve bottlenecks, small population size and nonrandom mating (e.g., in locusts, Berthier et al, 2010). In Hamilton's study, the similarly high hatching rates of the parthenogenetic offspring in the four successive generations of the desert locust point toward a lack of inbreeding depression in the laboratory population (Hamilton, 1953).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Exploring the relationship between tychoparthenogenesis and inbreeding depression in the Desert Locust, Schistocerca gregaria

Little

Chapuis

Blondin

et al. 2017

Ecology and Evolution

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Tychoparthenogenesis, a form of asexual reproduction in which a small proportion of unfertilized eggs can hatch spontaneously, could be an intermediate evolutionary link in the transition from sexual to parthenogenetic reproduction. The lower fitness of tychoparthenogenetic offspring could be due to either developmental constraints or to inbreeding depression in more homozygous individuals. We tested the hypothesis that in populations where inbreeding depression has been purged, tychoparthenogenesis may be less costly. To assess this hypothesis, we compared the impact of inbreeding and parthenogenetic treatments on eight life‐history traits (five measuring inbreeding depression and three measuring inbreeding avoidance) in four laboratory populations of the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria, with contrasted demographic histories. Overall, we found no clear relationship between the population history (illustrated by the levels of genetic diversity or inbreeding) and inbreeding depression, or between inbreeding depression and parthenogenetic capacity. First, there was a general lack of inbreeding depression in every population, except in two populations for two traits. This pattern could not be explained by the purging of inbreeding load in the studied populations. Second, we observed large differences between populations in their capacity to reproduce through tychoparthenogenesis. Only the oldest laboratory population successfully produced parthenogenetic offspring. However, the level of inbreeding depression did not explain the differences in parthenogenetic success between all studied populations. Differences in development constraints may arise driven by random and selective processes between populations.

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“…Segregating genetic background can cause confounding effects on mild phase changes in a context‐dependent manner (Berthier et al . ). Despite the importance of background genetic variation in exploiting epigenetic inheritance, the effects of such variation on transgenerational plasticity have been largely ignored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…One common method used to reveal transgenerational effects involves the direct comparison of the phase characteristics of the offspring produced by isolation-and crowd-reared locusts. However, the colonies of gregarious and solitarious locusts, developed either in the laboratory or in nature, can be genetically differentiated in terms of their density responses and degrees of parental effects (Chapuis et al 2008;Berthier et al 2010). Background genetic variation is commonly present among parental colonies and individuals, such as those with different rearing histories (Chen & Wagner 2012;Chandler et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Background genetic variation is commonly present among parental colonies and individuals, such as those with different rearing histories (Chen & Wagner 2012;Chandler et al 2013). Segregating genetic background can cause confounding effects on mild phase changes in a context-dependent manner (Berthier et al 2010). Despite the importance of background genetic variation in exploiting epigenetic inheritance, the effects of such variation on transgenerational plasticity have been largely ignored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Paternal epigenetic effects of population density on locust phase‐related characteristics associated with heat‐shock protein expression

Chen

Ren

et al. 2015

Molecular Ecology

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Many species exhibit transgenerational plasticity by which environmental cues experienced by either parent can be transmitted to their offspring, resulting in phenotypic variants in offspring to match ancestral environments. However, the manner by which paternal experiences affect offspring plasticity through epigenetic inheritance in animals generally remains unclear. In this study, we examined the transgenerational effects of population density on phase-related traits in the migratory locust Locusta migratoria. Using an experimental design that explicitly controls genetic background, we found that the effects of crowd or isolation rearing on phase plasticity could be inherited to the offspring. The isolation of gregarious locusts resulted in reduced weight in offspring eggs and altered morphometric traits in hatchlings, whereas crowding of solitarious locusts exhibited opposite effects. The consequences of density changes were transmitted by both maternal and paternal inheritance, although the expression of paternal effects was not as pronounced as that of maternal effects. Prominent expression of heat-shock proteins (Hsps), such as Hsp90, Hsp70 and Hsp20.6, could be triggered by density changes. Hsps were significantly upregulated upon crowding but downregulated upon isolation. The variation in parental Hsp expression was also transmitted to the offspring, in which the pattern of inheritance was consistent with that of phase characteristics. These results revealed a paternal effect on phase polyphenism and Hsp expression induced by population density, and defined a model system that could be used to study the paternal epigenetic inheritance of environmental changes.

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Laboratory Populations as a Resource for Understanding the Relationship Between Genotypes and Phenotypes

Cited by 25 publications

References 67 publications

Phase-dependent morphometric traits of the albino strain of Schistocerca gregaria (Orthoptera: Acrididae)

Phase-dependent morphometric traits of the albino strain of Schistocerca gregaria (Orthoptera: Acrididae)

Exploring the relationship between tychoparthenogenesis and inbreeding depression in the Desert Locust, Schistocerca gregaria

Paternal epigenetic effects of population density on locust phase‐related characteristics associated with heat‐shock protein expression

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