Laboratory Outbreak of Hemorrhagic Fever With a Renal Syndrome

Abstract

When goverment or other dravings, specifications or other data are used for any purpose other than in connection with a definitely related government procurement operation, the U. S. Government thereby incurs no responsibility, nor any obligation whatsoever; and the fact that the Gc-vernment may have formulated, furnished, or in any way supplied the said drawings, specifications, or other data is not to be regarded by implication or otherwise as in any manner licensing the holder or any other person or corporation, or conveying any rights or permission to manufacture, use or sell any patented invention that may in any way be related thereto.

Incubation Period of Hantavirus Cardiopulmonary Syndrome

“…Inclusion of patients with exposure periods <14 days provided a potential incubation period of 7 to 39 days. These data provide the most complete evaluation of the incubation period for HCPS caused by Andes or SNV and are consistent with available data for the incubation period for HFRS (7,(9)(10)(11)(12)14,15 Figure. Incubation period for 20 patients in Chile in whom hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome caused by Andes virus developed after various periods of exposure.…”

Biological safety cabinetry

“…Far greater danger results when microorganisms are found in the urine and/or feces of infected animals. Multiple laboratory-acquired infections have been due to microorganisms aerosolized from dried urine and/or feces during research on Soviet hemorrhagic fever (113), Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (119,189), and Chlamydia psittaci (126). The indicators of risk have been used in other publications to alert the scientific community to inherent aerosol hazards (16,217,219).…”

Experience with Ribavirin for Treatment and Postexposure Prophylaxis of Hemorrhagic Fever Viruses: Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever, Lassa Fever, and Hantaviruses

“…Disease in humans is most commonly acquired by inhalation of excreta (mainly urine) of chronically infected rodents. Laboratory workers may be exposed to hantaviruses via inhalation of aerosolized cultures or infected rodent excreta (urine, saliva, or feces) or via percutaneous injury (i.e., bites of infected animals, contaminated needles) (Douron et al, 1984;Kulagin et al, 1962;Tsai et al, 1987). Person-to-person spread of disease has been reported only with Andes virus (a hantavirus causing HCPS in South America) (Ferres et al, 2007;Martinez et al, 2005;Padula et al, 1998;Vitek et al, 1996;.…”

“…There are five phases of illness in HFRS: the febrile, hypotensive, oliguric, diuretic, and convalescent phases. After an incubation period of 2 to 3 weeks (range 4 to 42 days), nearly all individuals present with a febrile phase of illness, characterized by an abrupt onset of fever, headache, malaise, myalgia, and nausea and/or vomiting (Lee, 1989;Kulagin et al, 1962;Peters et al, 1999). Other signs and symptoms that may differentiate HFRS from a nonspecific febrile illness include the presence of abdominal, flank, or back pain (may be severe and mimic an acute abdomen or renal pathology), evidence of vascular fragility (i.e., pete- (Rusnak et al, 2009).…”

“…While unlikely to occur today, three laboratory outbreaks in Russia (1958Russia ( to 1967 were responsible for 144 HFRS cases, with the largest outbreak (113 laboratory workers and visitors to the laboratory) attributed to inhalation of airborne virus from excreta of rodents collected from the field (Gaidamovish et al, 2000;Kulagin et al, 1962). In the U.S. Biodefense Program, eight laboratory workers assessed with a significant risk exposure to HF viruses received postexposure prophylaxis with immune sera prepared from recovered patients in virus-endemic areas (5 LF, 2 Machupo, and 1 Junin virus potential exposures; all remained asymptomatic).…”