Laboratory models of Hawaiian and Strombolian eruptions

Jaupart, Claude; Vergniolle, S.

doi:10.1038/331058a0

Cited by 290 publications

(204 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Volcanism on the western slope of Payún Matru volcano [39], in lava flows exposed along the Rio Grande valley; these lavas pre-date the youngest lava flows and scoria associated to Los Morados. Inset shows the general tectonic setting of the study area (black star) and the location of the Southern Volcanic Zone.…”

Section: Payún Matru Volcanic Field (Pmvf)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of collapsing and cone rafting on eruption style changes and final cone morphology: Los Morados scoria cone, Mendoza, Argentina

et al. 2011

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Payún Matru Volcanic Field is a Quaternary monogenetic volcanic field that hosts scoria cones with perfect to breached morphologies. Los Morados complex is a group of at least four closely spaced scoria cones (Los Morados main cone and the older Cones A, B, and C). Los Morados main cone was formed by a long lived eruption of months to years. After an initial Hawaiian-style stage, the eruption changed to a normal Strombolian, conebuilding style, forming a cone over 150 metres high on a northward dipping (∼4˚) surface. An initial cone gradually grew until a lava flow breached the cone's base and rafted an estimated 10% of the total volume. A sudden sector collapse initiated a dramatic decompression in the upper part of the feeding conduit and triggered violent a Strombolian style eruptive stage. Subsequently, the eruption became more stable, and changed to a regular Strombolian style that partially rebuilt the cone. A likely increase in magma flux coupled with the gradual growth of a new cone caused another lava flow outbreak at the structurally weakened earlier breach site. For a second time, the unstable flank of the cone was rafted, triggering a second violent Strombolian eruptive stage which was followed by a Hawaiian style lava fountain stage. The lava fountaining was accompanied by a steady outpour of voluminous lava emission accompanied by constant rafting of the cone flank, preventing the healing of the cone. Santa Maria is another scoria cone built on a nearly flat pre-eruption surface. Despite this it went through similar stages as Los Morados main cone, but probably not in as dramatic a manner as Los Morados. In contrast to these examples of large breached cones, volumetrically smaller cones, associated to less extensive lava flows, were able to heal raft/collapse events, due to the smaller magma output and flux rates. Our evidence shows that scoria cone growth is a complex process, and is a consequence of the magma internal parameters (e.g. volatile content, magma flux, recharge, output volume) and external conditions such as inclination of the pre-eruptive surface where they grew and thus gravitational instability.

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Section: Payún Matru Volcanic Field (Pmvf)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of collapsing and cone rafting on eruption style changes and final cone morphology: Los Morados scoria cone, Mendoza, Argentina

et al. 2011

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“…Models of magma transport in volcanic conduits (e.g., [Jaupart and Vergniolle, 1988] and [Wilson, 1980]) describe the fluid dynamics involved in a wide range of eruptive styles, and offer both conceptual and quantitative insights into the nature of mild explosive basaltic activity, such as Strombolian or Hawaiian. The reasons for the sudden switch from effusive to explosive activity associated with paroxysms, and their association with conduit drainage remain enigmatic.…”

Section: Decompression and Eruptive Regimementioning

confidence: 99%

Lava effusion — A slow fuse for paroxysms at Stromboli volcano?

Calvari

Spampinato

Bonaccorso

et al. 2011

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

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The 2007 effusive eruption of Stromboli followed a similar pattern to the previous 2002-2003 episode. In both cases, magma ascent led to breaching of the uppermost part of the conduit forming an eruptive fissure that discharged lava down the Sciara del Fuoco depression. Both eruptions also displayed a 'paroxysmal' explosive event during lava flow output. From daily effusion rate measurements retrieved from helicopter-and satellite-based infrared imaging, we deduce that the cumulative volume of lava erupted before each of the two paroxysms was similar. Based on this finding, we propose a conceptual model to explain why both paroxysms occurred after this 'threshold' cumulative volume of magma was erupted. The gradual decompression of the deep plumbing system induced by magma withdrawal and eruption, drew deeper volatile-rich magma into the conduit, leading to the paroxysms. The proposed model might provide a basis for forecasting paroxysmal explosions during future effusive eruptions of Stromboli.

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“…Jaupart & Vergniolle (1988 injected small air bubbles into the base of a flat-roofed, metre-sized tank with a narrow, vertical outlet tube, and filled with a water-based liquid. The small bubbles collected under the tank roof, which acted as a single large trap.…”

Section: Flow Of Low-viscosity Magmamentioning

confidence: 99%

The consequences of fluid motion in volcanic conduits

Gilbert

Lane

2008

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When volcanoes are active, there are characteristic signs such as ground movement, sounds, heat and ejected material. Each of these signs is a result of, and hence an information source for, fluid motion in volcanic conduits. Here we briefly review some of the links between these signs and fluid flow processes and suggest future directions that should allow advancement of eruption forecasting as these links become understood more fully. Cross-fertilization between increasingly realistic numerical and experimental models, diverse geophysical data sources, and chemical and physical evidence in eruptive products can be achieved by simultaneously applying these approaches to well-studied volcanoes.

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Laboratory models of Hawaiian and Strombolian eruptions

Cited by 290 publications

References 12 publications

The role of collapsing and cone rafting on eruption style changes and final cone morphology: Los Morados scoria cone, Mendoza, Argentina

The role of collapsing and cone rafting on eruption style changes and final cone morphology: Los Morados scoria cone, Mendoza, Argentina

Lava effusion — A slow fuse for paroxysms at Stromboli volcano?

The consequences of fluid motion in volcanic conduits

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