Laboratory Methods for Allergen Extract Analysis and Quality Control

Grier, Thomas J.

doi:10.1385/criai:21:2-3:111

Cited by 31 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Standard methods for allergen quantification are immunoassays (7,41,42). A range of assays to detect environmental and occupational allergens have been described and applied, but only few of them are commercially available ( Table 5).…”

Section: Allergen Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Measuring airborne allergens, with levels in the pg to ng/m 3 range, requires high sensitivity, and therefore usually a two-sited sandwich enzyme immunoassay (EIA) with capture antibodies and labeled detection antibodies are used. Such assays can be 10-to 1000-fold more sensitive than an inhibition assay using the same antibodies (41,42). Assay sensitivity can be further enhanced by signal amplification kits that utilize enzyme cascade or cycle systems, or conjugates with multiple enzymes (43,45).…”

Section: Allergen Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Monitoring of occupational and environmental aeroallergens – EAACI Position Paper

Raulf

Buters

Chapman³

et al. 2014

Allergy

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Exposure to high molecular weight sensitizers of biological origin is an important risk factor for the development of asthma and rhinitis. Most of the causal allergens have been defined based on their reactivity with IgE antibodies, and in many cases, the molecular structure and function of the allergens have been established. Significant information on allergen levels that cause sensitization and allergic symptoms for several major environmental and occupational allergens has been reported. Monitoring of high molecular weight allergens and allergen carrier particles is an important part of the management of allergic respiratory diseases and requires standardized allergen assessment methods for occupational and environmental (indoor and outdoor) allergen exposure. The aim of this EAACI task force was to review the essential points for monitoring environmental and occupational allergen exposure including sampling strategies and methods, processing of dust samples, allergen analysis, and quantification. The paper includes a summary of different methods for sampling and allergen quantification, as well as their pros and cons for various exposure settings. Recommendations are being made for different exposure scenarios.

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Section: Allergen Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Allergen Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring of occupational and environmental aeroallergens – EAACI Position Paper

Raulf

Buters

Chapman³

et al. 2014

Allergy

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“…The IgE-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) inhibition has proven to be an ideal platform for evaluating allergen preparations [2,18,19]. It requires a well-characterized allergosorbent (solid-phase), a reference serum pool obtained from allergic donors, and a reference allergen preparation.…”

Section: In Vitro Potency Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is often difficult to assess how these variables account for the observed differences in assay results using the same materials, format, or reagents [2,19]. These differences may have several explanations, including the interaction of the allergen with the solid phase, differences in the structural requirements for antigen-antibody binding in the solid and fluid phases, or differences in determinant valency of the target allergens.…”

Section: In Vitro Potency Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, potency measurements suitable for evaluating manufacturers' stock concentrates are not necessarily suitable for products that have been diluted or mixed with other allergen products. In these cases, the assays must be modified or optimized to achieve the necessary performance characteristics [2]. Allergen vaccines used in clinical practice are complex antigenic mixtures to which patients demonstrate varying degrees of allergic responses and sensitivities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of allergen vaccine potency

Esch¹

2006

Curr Allergy Asthma Rep

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The development of reliable and clinically relevant potency assays is essential to the practice of safe and effective allergen-specific immunotherapy. Allergen standardization in the United States is based on the establishment of a national reference assigned with a biological potency unit to which manufacturers' products are compared using validated relative potency assays. This ensures, at least with standardized allergen vaccines, comparability between lots used in clinical practice. Recent progress in the ability to measure the specific allergen content of allergen vaccines has led to its application in monitoring consistency and characterizing allergen preparations. More recently, the "major allergen" content of allergen vaccines has become a means to compare extracts from different manufacturers and to recommend immunotherapy dosing regimens. At the same time, qualitative differences exist between manufacturers' products, and most allergen vaccines used in clinical practice are nonstandardized. Therefore, this approach can be confusing and is misleading. The establishment of additional allergen reference standards and the development of reliable, accurate, and clinically relevant potency assays are urgently needed.

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Preparation of chemically stable allergen‐specific sublingual immunotherapy from Egyptian allergens

El‐Enin

El‐Din

Abdelwahab

et al. 2022

Clinical Laboratory Analysis

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Background:The term "allergen extracts" refers to solutions of proteins or glycoproteins extracted from source raw materials.Objectives: This study was planned to prepare chemically stable sublingual immunotherapy from different allergens in Egypt. Methods:Allergen extraction from raw materials. The concentrated aqueous extract of each allergen was mixed with an equal volume of glycerol. The protein content of the preparations was determined using the modified Lowry assay method. The prepared allergens were stored for 9 months at 2-4°C. Samples were analyzed periodically (0, 3, 6, and 9 months of intervals) adopting the Lowry Assay method. Levels of specific IgE to Chenopodium album antigens were measured in patients' sera by ELISA. Results:The concentration of all prepared allergens, as indicated by the concentration of the protein content, was found to decrease exponentially with time, implying first-order kinetics of degradation. From the values of the slopes of the log plot for each allergen, the half-life time (t 1/2 ) and (t 1/4 ) values were calculated. The expiration date was considered as the time after which the allergen loses 25% of its potency. The obtained values of t 1/4% vary according to the type of vaccine. The most stable one is that of Chenopodium album pollens (2.4 years) and the least stable is that of house dust Mites (9 months). The immunological characters of Chenopodium album extract were stable for at least 6 months. Conclusion:Differences exist among allergen extracts made by multiple manufacturers. So, developments in studies on allergen preparation and characterization in a different locality are necessary.

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Laboratory Methods for Allergen Extract Analysis and Quality Control

Cited by 31 publications

References 73 publications

Monitoring of occupational and environmental aeroallergens – EAACI Position Paper

Monitoring of occupational and environmental aeroallergens – EAACI Position Paper

Evaluation of allergen vaccine potency

Preparation of chemically stable allergen‐specific sublingual immunotherapy from Egyptian allergens

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