Laboratory measurements of NO and NO2 depositions onto soil and cement surfaces

Judeikis, Henry S.; Wren, Anthony G.

doi:10.1016/0004-6981(78)90272-x

Cited by 53 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Such situations may only occur in polluted areas so that uptake of atmospheric NO and NO2 on the soil surface may be restricted to heavily populated and industrialized areas. NO and NO: uptake by softs has also been reported by Judeikis and Wren (1978), Hill (1971), Prather et al (1973) and Prather and Miyamoto (1974).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Field measurements of NO and NO2 emissions from fertilized and unfertilized soils

1984

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Field measurements of NO and NO 2 emissions from soils have been performed in Finthen near Mainz (F.R.G.) and in Utrera near Seville (Spain). The applied method employed a flow box coupled with a chemiluminescent NO x detector allowing the determination of minimum flux rates of 2 ~tg N m -2 h -1 for NO and 3/~g m -2 h -1 for NO 2 .The NO and NO 2 flux rates were found to be strongly dependent on soil surface temperatures and showed strong daily variations with maximum values during the early afternoon and minimum values during the early morning. Between the daily variation patterns of NO and NO2, there was a time lag of about 2 h which seem to be due to the different physico-chemical properties of NO and NO 2. The apparent activation energy of NO emission calculated from the Arrhenius equation ranged between 44 and 103 kJ per mole. The NO and NO 2 emission rates were positively correlated with soil moisture in the upper soil layer.The measurements carried out in August in Finthen clearly indicate the establishment of NO and NO 2 equilibrium mixing ratios which appeared to be on the order of 20 ppbv for NO and 10 ppbv for NO~. The soil acted as a net sink for ambient air NO and NO 2 mixing ratios higher than the equilibrium values and a net source for NO and NO 2 mixing ratios lower than the equilibrium values. This behaviour as well as the observation of equilibrium mixing ratios clearly indicate that NO and NO: are formed and destroyed concurrently in the soil.Average flux rates measured on bare unfertilized soils were about 10 #g N m -2 h -t for NO 2 and 8/~g N m -2 h -1 for NO. The NO and NO 2 flux rates were significantly reduced on plant covered soil plots. In some cases, the flux rates of both gases became negative indicating that the vegetation may act as a sink for atmospheric NO and NO 2.Application of mineral fertilizers increased the NO and NO 2 emission rates. Highest emission rates were observed for urea followed by NH4C1, NH4NO 3 and NaNO 3. The fertilizer loss rates ranged from 0.1% for NaNO 3 to 5.4% for urea. Vegetation cover substantially reduced the fertilizer loss rate.The total NO x emission from soil is estimated to be 11 Tg N yr -~ . This figure is an upper limit and includes the emission of 7 Tg N yr -1 from natural unfertilized soils, 2 Tg N yr -~ from fertilized soils as well as 2 Tg N yr -~ from animal excreta. Despite its speculative character, this estimation indicates that NO x emission by soil is important for tropospheric chemistry especially in remote areas where the NO x production by other sources is comparatively small.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Field measurements of NO and NO2 emissions from fertilized and unfertilized soils

1984

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“…My calculations did not include nitric oxide (NO), which may also dry‐deposit into grasslands ( Hanson & Lindberg 1991); average NO concentrations are not reported, nor was NO included in the Blanchard et al (1996) estimates. In addition, areas of bare soil typical of serpentinitic grasslands may have high deposition velocities for NO 2 , greater than that of the plants themselves ( Judeikis & Wren 1978; Hanson et al 1989 ). Nitrogen deposition levels at Jasper Ridge are much lower, based on local meteorology and preliminary measurement with aerial resin bags.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cars, Cows, and Checkerspot Butterflies: Nitrogen Deposition and Management of Nutrient‐Poor Grasslands for a Threatened Species

Weiss¹

1999

Conservation Biology

220

186

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“…It is possible that the situation in the .An eddy-correlatton measurement of NO1 Rux to begetatton and compartson to 0, AUK 819 present study is similar. Research on different types of surfaces suggest that re-emission of a large portion of deposited NOz as NO might be fairly common (Judeikis and Wren, 1978). Also, soil bacteria release NO, perhaps at a greater rate during the daytime than at night because of warmer temperatures more favorable to microbial activity during the daytime.…”

Section: Surface Resistancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An eddy-correlation measurement of NO2 flux to vegetation and comparison to O3 flux

Wesely

Eastman

Stedman

et al. 1982

Atmospheric Environment (1967)

149

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Eddy-correlation measurements with a newly developed fast-response NO, sensor indicate that the deposition velocity at a height of about 6m above a soybean field has a maximum value near 0.6cms-' for NO,% and is usually about 213 of that found for ozone. In these studies, over 9Op,, of the NO, is NOL. The corresponding minimum surface resistance for NO, calculated as the quantity remaining after atmospheric resistances are subtracted is about 1.3 scm-', which is larger than expected on the basis of leaf stomata1 resistance alone. Emission of NO from sites in the plant canopy and soil where NO, is deposited and reduced to NO or release of NO, as a result of biological activity may have lessened the downward fluxes of NO, as measured. During windy conditions at night, surface resistances are found to have values of about 15 s cm-' for NO, (again, greater than 90"" NO>) and 1.8 s cm _ ' for 0,. corresponding to deposition velocities of O.Ojcms-and 0.3 cm s-'. respectively lNTRODUCTlON

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Laboratory measurements of NO and NO2 depositions onto soil and cement surfaces

Cited by 53 publications

References 9 publications

Field measurements of NO and NO2 emissions from fertilized and unfertilized soils

Field measurements of NO and NO2 emissions from fertilized and unfertilized soils

Cars, Cows, and Checkerspot Butterflies: Nitrogen Deposition and Management of Nutrient‐Poor Grasslands for a Threatened Species

An eddy-correlation measurement of NO2 flux to vegetation and comparison to O3 flux

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