Laboratory intercomparison study for the analysis of nonylphenol and octylphenol in river water

Determination of alkylphenols and their short-chained ethoxylates in Polish river waters

“…The concentrations of the two NPEOs were slightly lower than the concentration of NP. Also, the concentrations of NP and NPEOs reported here are similar to those reported in other European rivers (Italian [14,19,24,34] and Spanish [18,23]). …”

Liver histology and ultrastructure of the Italian newt (Lissotriton italicus): Normal structure and modifications after acute exposure to nonylphenol ethoxylates

“…The widespread use of products containing NPEs leads to a large discharge into different environmental compartments; major vectors for the entry of NPEs and NPs into receiving aquatic environments (rivers, lakes, seas and their sediments) are the effluents of industrial and municipal wastewater-treatment plants but also direct discharge such as through pesticide application (Loos et al, 2008). Also if toxicity of NPEs to aquatic organisms tends to decrease with increasing degree of ethoxylation, on the other hand their solubility increases linearly (EC, 2002;EPA, 2010).…”

Partitioning of endocrine disrupting compounds in inland waters and wastewaters discharged into the coastal area of Thessaloniki, Northern Greece

“…Similar partition patterns for these compounds have also been reported by other investigators. According to Loos et al (2008), NP in aqueous samples was mainly found in dissolved phase (~80%). Li et al (2004) reported that NP in suspended particles of Han River ranged from 28 to 67%.…”