Laboratory-Induced Apogamy and Apospory in Ceratopteris richardii

Cordle, Angela R.; Bui, Linh; Irish, Erin E.; Cheng, Chi‐Lien

doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-7162-3_3

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 50 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Either obligate or induced apogamy is considered equivalent to organogenesis of sporophytes (Raghavan 1989 ; Fernández et al 1996 ; Gabancho et al 2010 ). An apogamous system of reproduction occurs both in nature and in vitro, and it has been regularly studied ever since its discovery by Farlow ( 1874 ) up to the present time (Cordle et al 2011 ). This method of reproduction became established in fern lineages that experienced frequent reticulate evolution in combination with polyploidy and has been recognized for approximately 10 % of extant ferns (Liu et al 2012 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Somatic embryogenesis in ferns: a new experimental system

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Key messageSomatic embryogenesis has never been reported in ferns. The study showed that it is much easier to evoke the acquisition and expression of embryogenic competence in ferns than in spermatophytes.AbstractWe discovered that the tree fern Cyathea delgadii offers an effective model for the reproducible and rapid formation of somatic embryos on hormone-free medium. Our study provides cyto-morphological evidence for the single cell origin and development of somatic embryos. Somatic embryogenesis (SE) in both primary and secondary explants was induced on half-strength micro- and macro-nutrients Murashige and Skoog medium without the application of exogenous plant growth regulators, in darkness. The early stage of SE was characterized by sequential perpendicular cell divisions of an individual epidermal cell of etiolated stipe explant. These resulted in the formation of a linear pro-embryo. Later their development resembled that of the zygotic embryo. We defined three morphogenetic stages of fern somatic embryo development: linear, early and late embryonic leaf stage. The transition from somatic embryo to juvenile sporophyte was quick and proceeded without interruption caused by dormancy. Following 9 weeks of culture the efficiency of somatic embryogenesis reached 12–13 embryos per responding explant. Spontaneous formation of somatic embryos and callus production, which improved the effectiveness of the process sevenfold in 10-month-long culture, occurred without subculturing. The tendency for C. delgadii to propagate by SE in vitro makes this species an excellent model for studies relating to asexual embryogenesis and the endogenous hormonal regulation of that process and opens new avenues of experimentation.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Somatic embryogenesis in ferns: a new experimental system

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, advances in high‐throughput and computational technologies have broadened the number of studied organisms, including those with large genomes as sugar cane . So far, a few species of ferns such as the aquatic fern Ceratopteris richardii or Anemia phyllitidis , are being used to study diverse processes linked to plant development as sex determination and differentiation , hormone responses , photomorphogenesis , gravity‐directed polar development , germination and gametophyte development , apogamy and apospory , etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteomic approaches to sexual development mediated by antheridiogen in the fern Blechnum spicant L

et al. 2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This report is intended to compare proteomic profiles between female and male gametophytes of Blechnum spicant L. For this purpose, female gametophytes were obtained from spores germinated on Murashige and Skoog medium (1962), and the male ones by culturing 30-day-old gametophytes on the same medium supplemented with extract derived from mature gametophytes, which exhibits anteridiogen effect. Proteins were extracted using the phenolic method, and after two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, 581 spots were detected in Coomassie stained gels within the 3-11 pH range and 10-100 kDa Mr ranges. Quantitative and qualitative differences in spot intensity between both types of gametophytes were found. The induction of male gametophytes by antheridiogens was correlated to a global increase in stress and defence-related pathways, which affect flavonoid signaling and cell division, while reducing protein biosynthesis, photosynthesis, and other energy-related pathways, reflecting how stressed are the gametophytes during the induction process. This is the first proteomic study that examines proteins associated to sexual development in the gametophyte of the fern B. spìcant.

show abstract

“…Previous studies have shown that the concentration of sugar in the media is also an important factor in promoting or inhibiting the two asexual pathways, apogamy and apospory, in many fern species [5,7,8,32,33]. In C. richardii, high sugar level (2.5% glucose) promotes the formation of haploid apogamous sporophytes from gametophytes in the absence of fertilization [5] while low sugar level (0.01% glucose) or no sugar in the medium promotes the formation of diploid aposporous gametophytes from sporophytes [7,8]. Here we showed that sugars (glucose and sucrose) at low (0.5%) and high (2.5%) levels have opposite effects in promoting regeneration and apospory in the fern C. richardii.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both processes can be induced in the laboratory in the homosporous fern Ceratopteris richardii simply by altering the level of sugar supplement in the growth media, and in the case of apogamy, by also preventing fertilization [5]. Glucose at 2.5% (w/v) was found to be optimal for the induction of apogamy [5] and medium with no sugar or 0.01% (w/v) glucose supplement was used in apospory [6][7][8] in C. richardii. Neither apogamy nor apospory, even under the optimum conditions, is exclusively so; gametophytes and sporophytes regenerate in large numbers during apogamy and apospory, respectively (Cordle and Bui, unpublished results).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Sugars and Ethylene on Apospory and Regeneration in <i>Ceratopteris richardii</i>

Bui¹,

Hurst²,

Irish³

et al. 2012

AJPS

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In land plants, two distinct generations, gametophyte and sporophyte, alternate to complete the life cycle. Sporophytes undergo meiosis to produce spores, from which gametophytes develop. Gametophytes produce gametes, which participate in fertilization to produce the zygote, the first cell of the sporophyte generation. In addition to this sexual reproduction pathway, some fern species can undergo apospory or apogamy, processes that bypass meiosis or fertilization, respectively, to alternate between the two generations without changing the chromosome number. Apospory is inducible in the laboratory in various fern species simply by altering the sugar level in the media. In sporophytes induced to undergo apospory, sporophyte regeneration is also observed. The ratio of aposporous gametophytes to regenerated sporophytes varies, in a manner consistent with being dependent on sugar level. Whereas the sugar signaling pathway is yet to be elucidated in lower plants, in angiosperms it has been shown to play a regulatory role in controlling essential processes including flowering and embryo development, which give rise to the gametophyte and the next sporophyte generation, respectively. Here, we present evidence for the role of different sugar levels on the balance of apospory and regeneration in the fern Ceratopteris richardii. The demonstration of crosstalk between sugar signaling and the hormone ethylene signaling in angiosperms prompted us to test the effects of this hormone in combination with sugar on apospory vs. regeneration. These results provide insight into how a group of redifferentiating cells determines which generation to become and lay the groundwork for further analysis of this asexual pathway.

show abstract

Laboratory-Induced Apogamy and Apospory in Ceratopteris richardii

Cited by 12 publications

References 50 publications

Somatic embryogenesis in ferns: a new experimental system

Somatic embryogenesis in ferns: a new experimental system

Proteomic approaches to sexual development mediated by antheridiogen in the fern Blechnum spicant L

The Effects of Sugars and Ethylene on Apospory and Regeneration in <i>Ceratopteris richardii</i>

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Laboratory-Induced Apogamy and Apospory in Ceratopteris richardii

Cited by 12 publications

References 50 publications

Somatic embryogenesis in ferns: a new experimental system

Somatic embryogenesis in ferns: a new experimental system

Proteomic approaches to sexual development mediated by antheridiogen in the fern Blechnum spicant L

The Effects of Sugars and Ethylene on Apospory and Regeneration in &lt;i&gt;Ceratopteris richardii&lt;/i&gt;

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

The Effects of Sugars and Ethylene on Apospory and Regeneration in <i>Ceratopteris richardii</i>