Laboratory Findings in Affective and Schizophrenic Psychoses

Eaton, Merrill T.; Muntz, Hascall H.

doi:10.1176/ajp.104.5.315

Cited by 13 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 91 publications

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“…These distortions were shown to be directly linked to neurocognitive deficits of the disease. 7 , 8 , 9 Metabolic dysregulations do not appear to be solely attributable to antipsychotic treatment and lifestyle but also seem to be inherent biological dysfunctions specific of the disorder 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 as suggested by studies in relatives of patients with schizophrenia. 16 , 17 , 18 Metabolomics is a relatively new technique that analyses the complete collection of metabolites produced by an organism and gives a more dynamic profile compared with proteomics or genomics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioural and molecular endophenotypes in psychotic disorders reveal heritable abnormalities in glutamatergic neurotransmission

et al. 2015

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Psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia are biologically complex and carry huge population morbidity due to their prevalence, persistence and associated disability. Defined by features such as delusions and hallucinations, they involve cognitive dysfunction and neurotransmitter dysregulations that appear mostly to involve the dopaminergic and glutamatergic systems. A number of genetic and environmental factors are associated with these disorders but it has been difficult to identify the biological pathways underlying the principal symptoms. The endophenotype concept of stable, heritable traits that form a mechanistic link between genes and an overt expression of the disorder has potential to reduce the complexity of psychiatric phenotypes. In this study, we used a genetically sensitive design with individuals with a first episode of psychosis, their non-affected first-degree relatives and non-related healthy controls. Metabolomic analysis was combined with neurocognitive assessment to identify multilevel endophenotypic patterns: one concerned reaction times during the performance of cognitive and emotional tests that have previously been associated with the glutamate neurotransmission system, the other involved metabolites involved directly and indirectly in the co-activation of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, a major receptor of the glutamate system. These cognitive and metabolic endophenotypes may comprise a single construct, such that genetically mediated dysfunction in the glutamate system may be responsible for delays in response to cognitive and emotional functions in psychotic disorders. This focus on glutamatergic neurotransmission should guide drug discovery and experimental medicine programmes in schizophrenia and related disorders.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioural and molecular endophenotypes in psychotic disorders reveal heritable abnormalities in glutamatergic neurotransmission

et al. 2015

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Antibacterial Agents, Nitrofurans

Schwan¹,

Ebetino²

2000

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology

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The nitrofurans encompass a class of synthetic antibacterials characterized by the 5‐nitro‐2‐furanyl group. Nitrofurans include furium, C 9 H 7 N 3 O 4 S; furazolidone, \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}${{\rm{C}}{_{14}}{\rm{H}} _{12}{\rm{N}}{_{6}}{\rm{O}}{_{6}}{\rm{{\cdot{}}}}{\rm{HCl}}}$\end{document} ; Z ‐furan, C 7 H 6 N 2 O 4 ; furylfuramide, C 11 H 8 N 2 O 5 ; nitrovin, \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}${{\rm{C}}{_{14}}{\rm{H}} _{12}{\rm{N}}{_{6}}{\rm{O}}{_{6}}{\rm{{\cdot{}}}}{\rm{HCl}}}$\end{document} ; furalazine C 9 H 7 N 5 O 3 ; acetylfuratrizine, C 11 H 9 N 5 O 4 ; panfuran‐S, C 11 H 11 N 5 O 5 ; nifuroxime, C 5 H 4 N 2 O 4 ; nitrofurazone, C 6 H 6 N 4 O 4 ; nifuraldezone, C 7 H 6 N 4 O 5 ; nihydrazone, C 7 H 7 N 3 O 4 ; nitrofurantoin, C 8 H 6 N 4 O 5 ; nifuratel, C 10 H 11 N 3 O 5 S; nitrofurathiazide, C 13 H 12 N 4 O 6 S; nifurtoinol, C 9 H 8 N 4 O 6 ; and nifurprinol, C 12 H 10 N 2 O 4 . Several nitrofurans have been marketed in the human and veterinary areas because of their broad spectrum of activity and relatively mild toxicity. Nitrofurans are generally stable, water‐insoluble crystalline solids, which decompose (darken) upon prolonged exposure to light or alkali. Nitrofurantoin is bactericidal at the concentrations achieved in the urinary tract and highly effective against the corresponding pathogens. Since its introduction for use in uncomplicated urinary tract infections, essentially no resistance development has occurred, unlike nearly all other antimicrobials. Nitrogurazone, furazolidone, and nitrofurantoin have been used therapeutically for over 30 yr with no reports of human neoplasia. Most commercial nitrofurans are derived from 5‐nitro‐2‐furancarboxaldehyde or the corresponding diacetate.

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Literaturverzeichnis

Hofmann¹

1963

Experimentelle Grundlagen Der Multifaktoriellen Genese Der Schizophrenie

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Laboratory Findings in Affective and Schizophrenic Psychoses

Cited by 13 publications

References 91 publications

Behavioural and molecular endophenotypes in psychotic disorders reveal heritable abnormalities in glutamatergic neurotransmission

Behavioural and molecular endophenotypes in psychotic disorders reveal heritable abnormalities in glutamatergic neurotransmission

Antibacterial Agents, Nitrofurans

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