Laboratory experiments and numerical simulation of sediment-wave formation by turbidity currents

Kubo, Yusuke; Nakajima, Takeshi

doi:10.1016/s0025-3227(02)00551-0

Cited by 64 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Total porosity (φ T ) was then calculated from the following equation: φ T =1−ρ B /ρ P , where ρ B is bulk density and ρ P is particle density (Li and Shao 2006;Price et al 2010). The calculated porosity was about 0.43, which is close to the values reported in the literature (Lisle et al 1997;Kubo and Nakajima 2002). …”

Section: Bioremediation Experimentssupporting

confidence: 88%

Enhancement of nitrate-induced bioremediation in marine sediments contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons by using microemulsions

Zhang

Zheng

2014

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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The effect of microemulsion on the biodegradation of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) in nitrate-induced bioremediation of marine sediment was investigated in this study. It was shown that the microemulsion formed with non-ionic surfactant polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (Tween 80), 1-pentanol, linseed oil, and either deionized water or seawater was stable when subjected to dilution by seawater. Desorption tests revealed that microemulsion was more effective than the Tween 80 solution or the solution containing Tween 80 and 1-pentanol to desorb TPH from marine sediment. In 3 weeks of bioremediation treatment, the injection of microemulsion and NO3 (-) seems to have delayed the autotrophic denitrification between NO3 (-) and acid volatile sulfide (AVS) in sediment compared to the control with NO3 (-) injection alone. However, after 6 weeks of treatment, the delaying effect of microemulsion on the autotrophic denitrification process was no longer observed. In the meantime, the four injections of microemulsion and NO3 (-) resulted in as high as 29.73 % of TPH degradation efficiency, higher than that of two injections of microemulsion and NO3 (-) or that of four or two injections of NO3 (-) alone. These results suggest that microemulsion can be potentially applied to enhance TPH degradation in the nitrate-induced bioremediation of marine sediment.

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Section: Bioremediation Experimentssupporting

confidence: 88%

Enhancement of nitrate-induced bioremediation in marine sediments contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons by using microemulsions

Zhang

Zheng

2014

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…Finally, and again for illustrative purposes, the single-component model may use a seafloor-erosion closure scheme based on cohesionless sediment (Pratson et al, 2001), whereas an integrative model should employ more realistic and depth-dependent properties of the seafloor (Skene et al, 1997). For example, Kubo & Nakajima (2002) used the cohesionless sediment-closure scheme of Fukushima et al (1985) when comparing numerical model results with laboratory experiments, and the shear-strength approach of Mulder et al (1998) when using the same turbidity-current model to simulate sediment waves observed at the field scale.…”

Section: Linkages Between Phenomenamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Mechanics of Marine Sediment Gravity Flows

Parsons

Friedrichs

Traykovski

et al. 2007

Continental Margin Sedimentation

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Sediment gravity flows, particularly those in the marine environment, are dynamically interesting because of the non-linear interaction of mixing, sediment entrainment/suspension and water-column stratification. Turbidity currents, which are strongly controlled by mixing at their fronts, are the best understood mode of sediment gravity flows. The type of mixing not only controls flow and deposition near the front, but also changes the dynamics of turbidity currents flowing in self-formed channels. Debris flows, on the other hand, mix little with ambient fluid. In fact, they have been shown to hydroplane, i.e. glide on a thin film of water. Hydroplaning enables marine debris flows to runout much farther than their subaerial equivalents. Some sediment gravity flows require external energy, from sources such as surface waves. When these flows are considered as stratification-limited turbidity currents, models are able to predict observed downslope sediment fluxes. Most marine sediment gravity flows are supercritical and thus controlled by sediment supply to the water column. Therefore, the genesis of the flows is the key to their understanding and prediction. Virtually every subaqueous failure produces a turbidity current, but they engage only a small percentage of the initially failed material. Wave-induced resuspension can produce and sustain sediment gravity flows. Flooding rivers can also do this, but the complex interactions of settling and turbulence need to be better understood and measured to quantify this effect and document its occurrence. Ultimately, only integrative numerical models can connect these related phenomena, and supply realistic predictions of the marine record.

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“…The possibility of stoss-aggradation being forced by the inherited bed topography was put forward for turbidity currents Satoh 2001, Kubo andNakajima 2002). In the pyroclastic context, it was suggested that the shape of a bedform alone could force saltating particles to deposit preferentially on stoss-faces in a feedback effect (Douillet et al 2014).…”

Section: The Role Of Topographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyroclastic dune bedforms: macroscale structures and lateral variations. Examples from the 2006 pyroclastic currents at Tungurahua (Ecuador)

Douillet¹,

Bernard²,

Bouysson³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Pyroclastic currents are catastrophic flows of gas and particles triggered by explosive volcanic eruptions. For much of their dynamics, they behave as particulate density currents and share similarities with turbidity currents. Pyroclastic currents occasionally deposit dune bedforms with peculiar lamination patterns, from what is thought to represent the dilute low concentration and fluid-turbulence supported end member of the pyroclastic currents. This article presents a high resolution dataset of sediment plates (lacquer peels) with several closely spaced lateral profiles representing sections through single pyroclastic bedforms from the August 2006 eruption of Tungurahua (Ecuador). Most of the sedimentary features contain backset bedding and preferential stoss-face deposition. From the ripple scale (a few centimetres) to the largest dune bedform scale (several metres in length), similar patterns of erosive-based backset beds are evidenced. Recurrent trains of sub- vertical truncations on the stoss side of structures reshape and steepen the bedforms. In contrast, sporadic coarse-grained lenses and lensoidal layers flatten bedforms by filling troughs. The coarsest (clasts up to 10 cm), least sorted and massive structures still exhibit lineation patterns that follow the general backset bedding trend. The stratal architecture exhibits strong lateral variations within tens of centimetres, with very local truncations both in flow-perpendicular and flow-parallel directions. This study infers that the sedimentary patterns of bedforms result from four formation mechanisms: (i) differential draping; (ii) slope-influenced saltation; (iii) truncative bursts; and (iv) granular-based events. Whereas most of the literature makes a straightforward link between backset bedding and Froude-supercritical flows, this interpretation is reconsidered here. Indeed, features that would be diagnostic of subcritical dunes, antidunes and ‘chute and pools’ can be found on the same horizon and in a single bedform, only laterally separated by short distances (tens of centimetres). These data stress the influence of the pulsating and highly turbulent nature of the currents and the possible role of coherent flow structures such as Görtler vortices. Backset bedding is interpreted here as a consequence of a very high sedimentation environment of weak and waning currents that interact with the pre-existing morphology. Quantification of near-bed flow velocities is made via comparison with wind tunnel experiments. It is estimated that shear velocities of ca 0.30 m.s-1 (equivalent to pure wind velocity of 6 to 8 m.s-1 at 10 cm above the bed) could emplace the constructive bedsets, whereas the truncative phases would result from bursts with impacting wind velocities of at least 30 to 40 m.s-1.

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Laboratory experiments and numerical simulation of sediment-wave formation by turbidity currents

Cited by 64 publications

References 27 publications

Enhancement of nitrate-induced bioremediation in marine sediments contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons by using microemulsions

Enhancement of nitrate-induced bioremediation in marine sediments contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons by using microemulsions

The Mechanics of Marine Sediment Gravity Flows

Pyroclastic dune bedforms: macroscale structures and lateral variations. Examples from the 2006 pyroclastic currents at Tungurahua (Ecuador)

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