Laboratory Evaluations of Insecticide Product Efficacy for Control of Cimex lectularius

Abstract

A susceptible, laboratory strain of bed bug, Cimex lectularius L., was used to determine the efficacy of insecticide products labeled or possessing a site label for bed bug control. Field strain bed bugs also were used to evaluate one insecticide product. The lethal time (LT),, values calculated for the laboratory strain bed bugs indicated that all of the pyrethroid products killed significantly faster than chlorfenapyr (0.5% [AIl; Phantom: BASF; LT50 = 10 d and 9 h). lamda-Cyhalothrin (0.03%; Demand CS; Syngenta) was the fastest acting insecticide (LT50 = 20 min), followed by bifenthrin (0.02% [AI]; Talstar One, FMC; LT50 = 53 min), deltamethrin (0.06% [AI]; Suspend SC; Bayer; LT50 = 61 min), and permethrin (0.05%; Dragnet SFR; FMC; LT50 = 88 min). The field strain bed bugs exposed to deltamethrin had an LT50 value of 14 day 8 h, indicating that the field strain was significantly less susceptible to deltamethrin than the laboratory strain. Chlorfenapyr exposure did not prevent the laboratory strain bed bugs from mating and laying eggs, nor did it prevent the eggs from hatching during the 2-wk exposure period. Surprisingly, none of the insecticides tested, including the pyrethroids, were repellent to laboratory strain bed bugs. Bed bugs rested on pyrethroid-treated panels and remained in contact with the panels until they died (2 h). Chlorfenapyr was also not repellent to bed bugs, but it caused no mortality during the 2-h test period. This study suggests that although pyrethroids were effective for controlling laboratory strain bed bugs, there is the potential for significant resistance in field strains. This study also determined that pyrethroid products were not repellent to bed bugs and would not cause bed bug aggregations to scatter or avoid treated surfaces.

Widespread distribution of knockdown resistance mutations in the bed bug, Cimex lectularius (Hemiptera: Cimicidae), populations in the United States

“…After World War II, usage of dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT) and other synthetic insecticides greatly decreased bed bug infestations in the United States and Europe (Boase, 2001). However, during the past 10 years, bed bugs reappeared in large numbers and became hard to control, partly due to the development of resistance to currently used pyrethroids (Myamba et al, 2002;Gangloff-Kaufmann et al, 2006;Moore and Miller, 2006;Karunaratne et al, 2007;Romero et al, 2007).…”

Effects of Ibuprofen and Caffeine Concentrations on the Common Bed Bug (Cimex lectulatius L.) Feeding and Fecundity

“…This study included five concentrations of Ibuprofen (40, 80, 120, 160 and 200 ppm) and caffeine (10,20,30,40 and 50 ppm) plus the control as individual treatments (Tables 1 and 2). A stock solution from each of Ibuprofen and caffeine standard was prepared (Ibuprofen: 200 ppm, Fluka PHR1004; caffeine: 50 ppm, Fluka PHR1009; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) and diluted further to attain desired concentrations as specified in Tables 1 and 2.…”

“…This recent bed bug resurgence has created a renewed interest to seek new information on bed bug biology, molecular based population genetics, and sustainable management techniques. Research on bed bug resistance to commonly used insecticides was conducted by numerous researchers [3,[9][10][11][12].…”

Laboratory Evaluation of Insecticidal Activity of Phytolacca Dodecandra L.'Herit Leaves Extracts Against Bedbug, (Heteroptera: Cimicidae)

“…In recent decades, bedbug infestation has increased dramatically across the United States, Canada, Europe, Australia, Asia as well as in many African countries and beyond [4]. It has been linked to increased international travel, changes in pest management practices (including increased regulatory constraints removing certain chemical insecticides from operational use) [5], and the wide scale spread of insecticide resistance [6][7][8]. In Africa, tropical bedbug, (Cimex hemipterus L.) distributed throughout warm zones [1], whereas temperate one, C. lectularius L. is common in the rest of the Africa [9].…”