LABORATORY EVALUATION OF INSECTICIDES AGAINST <i>NYSIUS VINITOR</i> BERGROTH AND <i>NYSIUS CLEVELANDENSIS</i> EVANS (HEMIPTERA: LYGAEIDAE)

Attia, F. I.

doi:10.1111/j.1440-6055.1974.tb02168.x

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(2 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The Rutherglen bug, Nysius vinitor Bergroth, is a native pest of annual plants found throughout Australia, and is frequently the cause of serious damage to a range of summer crops, particularly sunflower {Helianthus annuus) (Broadley & Rossiter, 1982;Forrester, 1980;Smith & McDonald, 1982), safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) (Attia, 1974) and fruit and vegetable crops (French, 1918;Smith, 1927). Its pest status is largely due to its capacity to colonize rapidly and attack crops en masse, particularly in the warmer months when plants are water-stressed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Migration and dispersal of the Rutherglen bug, Nysius vinitor Bergroth (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae), in eastern Australia

McDonald¹,

Farrow

1988

Bull. Entomol. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aerial sampling for Nysius vinitor Bergroth was undertaken in the surface and upper air, at altitudes of 2 and 100-300 m, respectively, at Trangie in central New South Wales and at Corny Point, Yorke Peninsula, South Australia. Insects were sampled for 15 periods, each of 3-11 days, between October 1979 and February 1984, covering all months except January, March and May. N. vinitor was one of the most abundant insects caught in the upper air during the day and night (mean density of 652/106 m3), while the congeneric N. clevelandensis Evans was rarely caught at any time. N. vinitor was caught in all months sampled except for the winter months of July and August, and the largest daily catches occurred in September. Females were generally less common than males, although the relative incidence in the upper air catches frequently increased significantly from day to night. Fewer mature females were caught in the upper air (0-16·8%) than at the surface (0-48·4%). Densities were generally much greater in the surface air than in the upper air, although during the major flights of spring, there was less than a two-fold difference, indicating increased migratory activity. Migration occurred in a range of synoptic conditions resulting in the displacement of individuals in a variety of directions and distances depending on synoptic flow at the time of flight. Major migrations occurred at night, following dusk take-off, in disturbed weather associated with prefrontal airflows. These resulted in net southward displacements of ca 200-300 km depending on flight duration. It is suggested that major immigration flights into central-western New South Wales and regions to the south regularly occur in early spring (September-October) and probably arise from breeding areas in subtropical latitudes.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Migration and dispersal of the Rutherglen bug, Nysius vinitor Bergroth (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae), in eastern Australia

McDonald¹,

Farrow

1988

Bull. Entomol. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, several insecticides were observed to be more effective than malathion for the control of Nysius spp. in Australia (Attia, 1974). Malathion and endosulfan, however, are the two most commonly used insecticides on sunflower in Australia (Forrester, 1982).…”

Section: Days After Anthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…. Various insecticides have been evaluated and found effec-!ive for control of N. raphanus Howard (Wene, 1958;Leigh, 1961), N. vinitor (Attia, 1974;McDonald et al, 1986) and N. clevelandensis Evans (Attia, 1974) in California and Australia. In small-scale field experiments, four insecticides, viz.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical control of Nysius natalensis Evans (Hemiptera: Orsillidae), a pest of sunflower in South Africa

Plessis¹,

Byrne

Berg

2005

South African Journal of Plant and Soil

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

No insecticide is currently registered for Nysius natalensis Evans (Hemiptera: Orsillidae), control on sunflower [Helianthus annuus l. (Asteraceae)]. Field as well as laboratory trials were conducted to evaluate efficacy of insecticides for N. natalensis control. During budding prior to ar:lthesis, insecticides were applied aerially. These were endosulfan, a mixture of dichlorvos + monocrotophos, mevinphos, a mixture of endosulfan + cypermethriri, methomyl and cypermethrin Compared to the untreated control, all insecticides provided effective control of N.natalensis. However, re-infestation by the pest occurred in ali treatments after five days. A laboratory evaluation of the efficacy of the contact action of eleven insecticides in controlling N. natalensis adults on sunflower heads during application or immediately thereafter was conducted. Insecticides were representative of different groups and modes of action. These were carbosulfan, methomyl, endosulfan, demeton-S-methyl, dichlorvos, chlorpyrifos, malathion, profenofos, cypermethrin, fenvalerate and tau-fluvalinate. The insecticides were applied to sunflower heads containing 50 N. natalensis adults in plastic containers. All insecticides controlled N. natalensis effectively. The efficacy of the eleven insecticides against N. natalensis adults that re-infest sprayed fields from three hours post-application onward, were also evaluated. The insecticides were applied as full cover sprays to . sunflower plants in the field. Disks were cut from the leaves three hours after treatment and placed in small plastic containers. Adults were transferred to the treated leaves and evaluated against those on leaves treated with water only. Fenvalerate and tau-fluvalinate were less effective in controlling N. natalensis than the other insecticides evaluated. Reduction in efficacy of seven of the insecticides was evaluated over a period of 14 days.Systemic insecticides remained more effective over longer periods than contact insecticides. However, the contact action of endosulfan remained as effective as the systemic insecticide, demeton-S-methyl. Endosulfan has a low toxicity to bees and will therefore control N. natalensis without a detrimental effect on pollination. To limit the number of applications, correct timing of insecticide application is important. The period that sunflower heads take to turn downward after completion of anthesis will determine the period for application of insecticides against N. natalensis during seed fill.

show abstract

“…). Outbreaks can cause serious damage to crops, in particular grain crops of sunflower, canola and sorghum, the fibre crop of cotton, the forage crop Lucerne and many horticultural crops, such as potato, tomato, apricot and peach (Kehat and Wyndham ; Attia ; McDonald and Farrow ; Merril and Sweet ; Murray et al . ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental and biological drivers of flight initiation in a sporadic pest, Rutherglen bug, Nysius vinitor Bergroth (Hemiptera: Orsillidae)

Moradi-Vajargah

Parry

2016

Austral Entomology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Flight initiation is fundamental to insect dispersal. Insights into the meteorological and environmental drivers of flight initiation, and their relative importance, can therefore help determine the conditions under which mass dispersal events may occur. In relation to insect pest management, the ability to anticipate such events would allow us to predict mass colonisation of crops and better manage outbreaks of an insect pest. This study insects aims to better predict flight initiation of Rutherglen bug, Nysius vinitor, and thus crop outbreaks originating from over-winter weed hosts. We examined the influence of temperature in combination with sex and the availability of food and water, under controlled environment conditions inside a flight chamber. Most of the variation in flight initiation was explained by temperature. We found that warm temperatures are required for flight initiation: the lower flight threshold was determined as 21°C, the optimum temperature for flight as 25°C and the upper flight threshold as 28°C, fitting a quadratic distribution. However, additional data shows that such thresholds are not limiting: when N. vinitor is under extreme heat stress (35-40°C) for a short period, they have a very high propensity to take-off. The rate of flight initiation was fastest within the first 5 h in both males and females for all tested temperatures. A lack of food and water resulted in a faster take-off rate of males, but had no effect on female flight initiation. Application of our analysis to temperature data in New South Wales (NSW) and Queensland (Qld), Australia, indicates that flight initiation in N. vinitor is likely to be highly seasonal, with very little flight activity expected in winter in eastern Australia. We found a longer suitable flight period and a greater number of suitable flight days per month in Qld compared to NSW. Such estimates could be used to inform regional pest arrival forecasts, integrated pest management decisions and the development of dispersal simulation models for this pest.

show abstract

LABORATORY EVALUATION OF INSECTICIDES AGAINST NYSIUS VINITOR BERGROTH AND NYSIUS CLEVELANDENSIS EVANS (HEMIPTERA: LYGAEIDAE)

Cited by 5 publications

References 5 publications

Migration and dispersal of the Rutherglen bug, Nysius vinitor Bergroth (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae), in eastern Australia

Migration and dispersal of the Rutherglen bug, Nysius vinitor Bergroth (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae), in eastern Australia

Chemical control of Nysius natalensis Evans (Hemiptera: Orsillidae), a pest of sunflower in South Africa

Environmental and biological drivers of flight initiation in a sporadic pest, Rutherglen bug, Nysius vinitor Bergroth (Hemiptera: Orsillidae)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About