Laboratory evaluation of fungicides against fungi causing flower blight of chrysanthemums

Singh, Gyanendra; Milne, K. S.

doi:10.1080/03015521.1974.10425758

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Using a poisoned food technique [ 26 ], different fungicides were tested for their ability to prevent the growth of the R. solani isolate. Three fungicides were used: Uniform ® (active ingredient: Azoxystrobin 28.2% ( w / w ) and Mefenoxam 10.8% ( w / w ), Syngenta, Wilmington, Delaware, USA), Rizolex ® (active ingredient: Tolclofos-methyl 50 % ( w / w ) WP, Sumitomo Chemical Corp., Nihonbashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan), and Hattrick ® (active ingredient: Tebuconazole 6% FS, Shoura chemicals, Egypt).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trichoderma pubescens Elicit Induced Systemic Resistance in Tomato Challenged by Rhizoctonia solani

Behiry

Soliman

Massoud

et al. 2023

JoF

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Rhizoctonia solani causes severe diseases in many plant species, particularly root rot in tomato plants. For the first time, Trichoderma pubescens effectively controls R. solani in vitro and in vivo. R. solani strain R11 was identified using the ITS region (OP456527); meanwhile, T. pubescens strain Tp21 was characterized by the ITS region (OP456528) and two genes (tef-1 and rpb2). The antagonistic dual culture method revealed that T. pubescens had a high activity of 76.93% in vitro. A substantial increase in root length, plant height, shoot fresh and dry, and root fresh and dry weight was indicated after applying T. pubescens to tomato plants in vivo. Additionally, it significantly increased the chlorophyll content and total phenolic compounds. The treatment with T. pubescens exhibited a low disease index (DI, 16.00%) without significant differences with Uniform® fungicide at a concentration of 1 ppm (14.67%), while the R. solani-infected plants showed a DI of 78.67%. At 15 days after inoculation, promising increases in the relative expression levels of three defense-related genes (PAL, CHS, and HQT) were observed in all T. pubescens treated plants compared with the non-treated plants. Plants treated with T. pubescens alone showed the highest expression value, with relative transcriptional levels of PAL, CHS, and HQT that were 2.72-, 4.44-, and 3.72-fold higher in comparison with control plants, respectively. The two treatments of T. pubescens exhibited increasing antioxidant enzyme production (POX, SOD, PPO, and CAT), while high MDA and H2O2 levels were observed in the infected plants. The HPLC results of the leaf extract showed a fluctuation in polyphenolic compound content. T. pubescens application alone or for treating plant pathogen infection showed elevated phenolic acids such as chlorogenic and coumaric acids. Therefore, the ability of T. pubescens to inhibit the growth of R. solani, enhance the development of tomato plants, and induce systemic resistance supports the application of T. pubescens as a potential bioagent for managing root rot disease and productivity increase of crops.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trichoderma pubescens Elicit Induced Systemic Resistance in Tomato Challenged by Rhizoctonia solani

Behiry

Soliman

Massoud

et al. 2023

JoF

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“…At 1000 µg/ml, mancozeb recorded only 74.44 per cent colony growth inhibition and thus was found less effective when compared to systemic triazole and strobilurin fungicides, as it did not record complete colony growth inhibition at such a higher concentration. Singh and Milne (1974) reported that mancozeb exhibited high fungicidal activity at or below 100 µg/ml a.i. against A. alternata and S. vesicarium, while all the other fungicides viz., bavistin, benomyl, captafol, captan, carboxin, chloroneb, chlorothalonil, dicloran, fuberidazole, oxycarboxin, thiabendazole, thiophanate methyl, thiram and zineb were not effective.…”

Section: In Vitro Evaluation Of Different Fungicides Against Alternarmentioning

confidence: 99%

Management of Purple Blotch Complex of Onion in Indian Punjab

Yadav¹,

Singh

Jain

et al. 2017

Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol

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Six systemic fungicides viz., Kitazin 48 EC (iprobenfos), Tilt 25 EC (propiconazole), Folicur 25 EC (tebuconazole), Score 25 EC (difenoconazole), Amistar Top 325 SC (azoxystrobin 18.2% + difenoconazole 11.4%) and Nativo 75 WG (trifloxystrobin 25% + tebuconazole 50%), and two non-systemic fungicides viz., Indofil M-45 75 WP (mancozeb) and Kocide 77 WP (copper hydroxide), were evaluated under in vitro and field conditions for their efficacy to manage purple blotch complex of onion caused by Alternaria porri and Stemphylium vesicarium. Field efficacy of the fungicides at different concentrations were determined in controlling the purple blotch complex of onion under artificial epiphytotic conditions on bulb and seed crop (cultivar PRO-6) during the Rabi season 2014-2015 and 2015-2016, respectively. The triazole fungicides, tebuconazole and difenoconazole proved superior in inhibiting growth of A. porri and S. vesicarium under in vitro conditions, respectively. Further, foliar sprays (3 for bulb crop and 4 for seed crop) of tebuconazole 25 EC (Folicur) @ 0.1 per cent at fortnightly interval most effectively managed purple blotch complex of onion under field conditions with highest Benefit: Cost ratio (8.75:1 and 88.7:1) in bulb and seed crop, respectively. Seed-to-seed method of onion seed production recorded significantly lower disease severity and higher seed yield than that of bulb-to-seed method under natural epiphytotic conditions. The present findings can be instrumental in devising strategy for the integrated management of A. porri, S. vesicarium singly as well as in complex, serious limiting biotic factors in onion production.

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“…To perform the assay, agar plates containing desired amounts of the antimicrobial compound of interest and control plates devoid of the test compound are prepared [ 44 ]. Agar discs (3–6 mm) containing the test fungus are cut from the periphery of actively growing colonies and carefully placed at the center of the petri plates.…”

Section: Methods To Evaluate Antimicrobial Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods for screening and evaluation of antimicrobial activity: A review of protocols, advantages, and limitations

Hossain

2024

EuJMI

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Infectious diseases pose a formidable global challenge, compounded by the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. Consequently, researchers are actively exploring novel antimicrobial compounds as potential solutions. This endeavor underscores the pivotal role of methods employed for screening and evaluating antimicrobial activity—a critical step in discovery and characterization of antimicrobial agents. While traditional techniques such as well-diffusion, disk-diffusion, and broth-dilution are commonly utilized in antimicrobial assays, they may encounter limitations concerning reproducibility and speed. Additionally, a diverse array of antimicrobial assays including cross-streaking, poisoned-food, co-culture, time-kill kinetics, resazurin assay, bioautography, etc., are routinely employed in antimicrobial evaluations. Advanced techniques such as flow-cytometry, impedance analysis, and bioluminescent technique may offer rapid and sensitive results, providing deeper insights into the impact of antimicrobials on cellular integrity. However, their higher cost and limited accessibility in certain laboratory settings may present challenges. This article provides a comprehensive overview of assays designed to characterize antimicrobial activity, elucidating their underlying principles, protocols, advantages, and limitations. The primary objective is to enhance understanding of the methodologies designed for evaluating antimicrobial agents in our relentless battle against infectious diseases. By selecting the appropriate antimicrobial testing method, researchers can discern suitable conditions and streamline the identification of effective antimicrobial agents.

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Laboratory evaluation of fungicides against fungi causing flower blight of chrysanthemums

Cited by 8 publications

References 3 publications

Trichoderma pubescens Elicit Induced Systemic Resistance in Tomato Challenged by Rhizoctonia solani

Trichoderma pubescens Elicit Induced Systemic Resistance in Tomato Challenged by Rhizoctonia solani

Management of Purple Blotch Complex of Onion in Indian Punjab

Methods for screening and evaluation of antimicrobial activity: A review of protocols, advantages, and limitations

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