Laboratory Diagnosis of Two Scrub Typhus Outbreaks at Camp Fuji, Japan in 2000 and 2001 by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Rapid Flow Assay, and Western Blot Assay Using Outer Membrane 56-Kd Recombinant Proteins

Jiang, Ju; Marienau, Karen J.; May, Laurel A.; Beecham, H. James; Wilkinson, R.; Ching, Wei‐Mei; Richards, Allen L.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2003.69.60

Cited by 56 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…TherImmune's Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee reviewed and approved the use of these animals in this study in accordance with provisions of the USDA Animal Welfare Act, the PHS Policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, and the U.S. Interagency Research Animal Committee Principles for the Utilization and Care of Research Animals. The animals tested negative for preexisting antibody to Karp, Kato, and Gilliam (KpKtGm) r56 and KpKtGm whole-cell antigen by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (data not shown) using methods previously described (9,24,51).…”

Section: Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scrub Typhus Vaccine Candidate Kp r56 Induces Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses in Cynomolgus Monkeys

et al. 2005

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A truncated recombinant 56-kDa outer membrane protein of the Karp strain of Orientia tsutsugamushi (Kp r56) was evaluated in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) for immunogenicity and safety as a vaccine candidate for the prevention of scrub typhus. This recombinant antigen induced strong humoral and cellular immune responses in two monkeys and was found to be well tolerated. Antigen-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG were produced to almost maximal levels within 1 week of a single immunization. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from vaccinated animals showed an induction of antigen-specific proliferation and gamma interferon production. The Kp r56 was not as efficient as infection with live organisms in preventing reinfection but was able to reduce the inflammation produced at the site of challenge. This report describes the results of the first systematic study of the immunogenicity of a recombinant scrub typhus vaccine candidate in a nonhuman primate model.

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Section: Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scrub Typhus Vaccine Candidate Kp r56 Induces Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses in Cynomolgus Monkeys

et al. 2005

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“…It was developed using major surface protein 56-KDa antigen of representative O. tsutsugamushi. 5 Scrub typhus can be partly prevented or controlled by wearing protective clothing by treatment of clothing with repellents or acaricides, application of DEET etc. to the exposed areas of skin when walking in terrain of endemic areas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and Epidemiological Profile of Scrub Typhus in Paediatric Patients: A Tertiary Care Hospital Study in Southern India

Ramaganeshan¹,

Ramu²,

L³

et al. 2016

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BACKGROUNDScrub typhus is an important cause of acute febrile illness caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi with uncertain pathogenesis, but presents as a systemic vasculitis like infection resulting in wide range of clinical manifestations and complications. Though it is endemic in many parts of India, Scrub typhus is grossly underdiagnosed partly because of lack of awareness among clinicians and partly due to poor availability of standardized diagnostic tests in tropical areas. We studied the clinical and epidemiological profile of paediatric scrub typhus patients.

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“…Serum samples were screened for IgG antibodies against whole-cell antigens of SFGR, TGR, and orientiae by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), as described previously. 6,7 An ELISA titer procedure was performed on all screenpositive samples. Western blot assays using the recombinant proteins Kpr56 6 and Kpr47b 7 and an immunofluorescence assay (IFA) (Fuller Laboratories, Fullerton, CA) using Karp, Kato, Gilliam, and Boryong whole-cell antigens were performed to confirm orientiae-ELISA positives.…”

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confidence: 99%

Evidence of Rickettsia and Orientia Infections Among Abattoir Workers in Djibouti

Horton

Jiang

Maina

et al. 2016

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Of 49 workers at a Djiboutian abattoir, eight (16%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 9-29) were seropositive against spotted fever group rickettsiae (SFGR), two (4%, 95% CI: 1-14) against typhus group rickettsiae, and three (6%, 95% CI: 2-17) against orientiae. One worker (9%, 95% CI: 2-38) seroconverted against orientiae during the study period. This is the first evidence of orientiae exposure in the Horn of Africa. SFGR were also identified by polymerase chain reaction in 32 of 189 (11%, 95% CI: 8-15) tick pools from 26 of 72 (36%) cattle. Twenty-five (8%, 95% CI: 6-12) tick pools were positive for Rickettsia africae, the causative agent of African tick-bite fever. Health-care providers in Djibouti should be aware of the possibility of rickettsiae infections among patients, although further research is needed to determine the impact of these infections in the country.Rickettsiae, obligate intracellular Gram-negative bacteria primarily transmitted to vertebrate hosts by arthropod vectors, are divided into four groups, two of which were examined in this study: spotted fever group rickettsiae (SFGR) and typhus group rickettsiae (TGR).1 The closely related Orientia spp. causes scrub typhus, a disease similar to rickettsioses. 2Although rickettsiae are found globally, orientiae are mainly endemic in the Asia-Australia-Pacific region, with limited evidence of infections in Africa, 3 the Middle East, 4 and South America. 5 As part of a broader study examining exposure to vector-borne and zoonotic pathogens in a high-risk environment in Djibouti, human samples were analyzed for evidence of exposure to and infection with rickettsiae and orientiae, and tick samples were examined for infection with rickettsiae.Before study initiation, the research protocol was reviewed by the institutional review boards (IRBs) and Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees at U. IRB protocol no. 911) and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (IRB protocol no. 5901), and by the Ministry of Health (MOH) and the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and the Sea in Djibouti. Samples were then collected at the Abattoir Frigorifique de Djibouti.In September 2010, participating abattoir workers completed baseline questionnaires and provided blood samples. Every 4 weeks, for a total of 20 weeks, an additional blood sample and questionnaire were collected from workers who self-reported a recent history of acute febrile illness (AFI); no subsequent samples were collected from workers who did not report recent AFI. Serum was stored at −20°C at MOH, transferred to NAMRU-3 in Cairo, Egypt, on dry ice, and stored at −40°C. Aliquots of 49 baseline and 11 follow-up samples were sent to the Naval Medical Research Center (NMRC) in Silver Spring, Maryland, on dry ice. Serum samples were screened for IgG antibodies against whole-cell antigens of SFGR, TGR, and orientiae by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), as described previously. 6,7 An ELISA titer procedure was performed on all screenpositive samples. Western blot assays us...

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Laboratory Diagnosis of Two Scrub Typhus Outbreaks at Camp Fuji, Japan in 2000 and 2001 by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Rapid Flow Assay, and Western Blot Assay Using Outer Membrane 56-Kd Recombinant Proteins

Cited by 56 publications

References 20 publications

Scrub Typhus Vaccine Candidate Kp r56 Induces Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses in Cynomolgus Monkeys

Scrub Typhus Vaccine Candidate Kp r56 Induces Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses in Cynomolgus Monkeys

Clinical and Epidemiological Profile of Scrub Typhus in Paediatric Patients: A Tertiary Care Hospital Study in Southern India

Evidence of Rickettsia and Orientia Infections Among Abattoir Workers in Djibouti

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