Laboratory Diagnosis of Bovine Abortions Caused by Non-Maintenance Pathogenic Leptospira spp.: Necropsy, Serology and Molecular Study Out of a Belgian Experience

Grégoire, Fabien; Bakinahe, Raïssa; Petitjean, T.; Boarbi, Samira; Delooz, Laurent; Frétin, David; Saulmont, Marc; Mori, Marcella

doi:10.3390/pathogens9060413

Cited by 13 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The cut-off value (i.e. the threshold that defines whether a test result is positive or negative) for the MAT was provided in 31/36 (86.1%) studies and was highly variable, ranging between 1:5 and 1:1,000 [57, [59][60][61][62][63][66][67][68]71,[73][74][75][76][77][78][79][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92]94,96,98]. Similarly, the number of serovars included in the MAT panel (mentioned in 28 studies) showed large disparities (min.…”

Section: Laboratory Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A systematic review on leptospirosis in cattle: a European perspective

Sohm

Steiner

Jöbstl

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background: Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease which is globally distributed. Bovine leptospirosis often results in economic losses through its severe impact on reproduction performance. However, a clear overview of the disease characteristics in European cattle is lacking. The objective of this review was to summarise the current knowledge and state of the research on the epidemiology of bovine leptospirosis in Europe. Methodology: We conducted a systematic literature review following the PRISMA guidelines. We screened four electronic databases (Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus, CABI) and included studies published between 2001 and 2021, in English, German, and French. Identified papers were filtered according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Sixty-two studies were included. Reported seroprevalences were remarkably variable among studies, probably reflecting local variations but also heterogeneity in the study designs, laboratory methods, and sample sizes. The five most reported circulating serogroups in European cattle were Sejroe, Australis, Grippotyphosa, Icterohaemorrhagiae, and Pomona. Abortion and fertility disorders were the most frequently reported signs of leptospirosis in European cattle and were generally associated with chronic infections. The acute form primarily affected juveniles and foetuses. Risk factors positively associated with leptospirosis in cattle were diverse, related to environmental (e.g. geographic location), climatic (e.g. flooding), and medical (e.g. presence of other diseases) parameters, as well as farming practices (e.g. purchase policy, herd size) and individual factors (e.g. animal age and breed). Conclusions: Clinical features of bovine leptospirosis in Europe cover a large range of signs and confirmation of infection requires laboratory tests. The epidemiology of the disease is very local, most probably influenced by context-specific factors. This work highlights several research gaps, including a lack of research data from several countries, a lack of methodological harmonisation, a lack of large-scale studies, an underrepresentation of beef herds in the studies, and a lack of molecular investigations.

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Section: Laboratory Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The copyright holder for this preprint this version posted March 7, 2023. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.03.07.531463 doi: bioRxiv preprint 10 [63,66,72,74,75,77,79,85,88,96], as well as air samples [97]. Culture of Leptospira spp.…”

Section: Laboratory Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review on leptospirosis in cattle: a European perspective

Sohm

Steiner

Jöbstl

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Once infected, cattle experience a period of bacteremia that can persist for up to a week [8]. Nonmaintenance pathogenic Leptospira spp., such as the serogroup Grippotyphosa [9,10], cause incidental infections in cattle and are recognized as a leading cause of reproductive failure, icteric abortions, stillbirth, economic loss, and occasionally, meningitis and death [8,11]. In addition, cattle are well known as maintenance hosts for serogroup Sejroe (mainly serovar Hardjo).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular and Serological Identification of Pathogenic Leptospira in Local and Imported Cattle from Lebanon

Harran

Rizk

Angelloz-Pessey

et al. 2023

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases

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Leptospirosis is a worldwide bacterial zoonosis for which the risk increases in warm and wet climates. Despite the suitability of the local climate for the bacteria’s persistence, Lebanon lacks a formal system of prophylaxis for the prevention of Leptospira infection in both humans and animals, and the disease’s epidemiology is unknown so far. As a preliminary step, we focused on Leptospira infection in cattle, which is of public health and economic concern. We conducted a descriptive study in cattle from the governorate of Mount Lebanon (ML) and in imported cattle. A total of 187 blood and 135 serum samples were provided. Among the 187 blood samples, 135 were from randomly selected animals from 14 herds, while the remaining 52 were from imported livestock. Serum specimens (n = 135) were obtained exclusively from cattle in the ML governorate. DNA was extracted from all blood samples and subjected to real-time PCR targeting 16S rRNA. All Leptospira-positive DNA samples were then amplified using conventional PCR (cPCR), and Leptospira species were identified via Sanger sequencing. A microscopic agglutination test (MAT) was performed on the 135 serum samples from local cattle. The real-time PCR revealed Leptospira infection in 7 of 135 local animals and 1 of 52 imported animals. DNA from six of the seven local animals and the one imported animal were amplified by cPCR and successfully sequenced, identifying the pathogen as the species L. kirschneri. Seven animals located in five out of the 14 tested herds had MAT titers ≥1 : 100. Serogroup Grippotyphosa was predominant. This is the first study to provide epidemiological data on bovine Leptospira infection in Lebanon. Pathogenic Leptospira species and serogroups were identified in both local and imported cattle. These findings highlight the cattle associated risk of Leptospira infection in Lebanon, in the contexts of farming and trade. Summary. Leptospirosis is a severe zoonotic disease that can have critical consequences for people and animals. Within the country of Lebanon, this disease has been reported, but its epidemiology is unknown so far. The present study thus provides the first description of the existence of Leptospira in cattle in Lebanon (local and imported). It also highlights the existence of different pathogenic serogroups of Leptospira in local cattle. Our results should raise public health awareness of the threat posed by this underdiagnosed disease and serve as a starting point for control efforts in Lebanon.

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“…Indeed, several NABS-rooted schemes have been proposed and abandoned for varied reasons but primarily their inconsistent performance with non- L. interrogans species. And while a newer qPCR based MLVA approach employing high resolution melt analysis (HRMA) is promising ( 24 ), its complexity and cost has limited its application ( 25 ). Consequently, development of inexpensive, easily deployable, culture-independent, and antigen-detection tests capable of distinguishing Leptospira serovars is paramount.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%