Laboratory Diagnosis and Monitoring of Diabetes Mellitus

Emancipator, Kenneth

doi:10.1093/ajcp/112.5.665

Cited by 30 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The response to hyperglycemia involves induction of c-jun and collagen I expression and suppression of osteocalcin, consistent with suppression of a differentiated osteoblast phenotype. Our findings that mannitol treatment completely mimics this effect (23) and that glucose uptake is unaffected during this time 1 suggest that the response is osmotic in nature. We have also demonstrated that this response involves protein kinase C activation (23).…”

Section: Fig 3 Activation Of P38 Is Protein Kinase C-independentmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…Therefore, it is not surprising that expression of a dominantnegative AP-1 fusion protein in osteoblasts suppresses glucose and mannitol effects on gene expression. 1 This finding suggests that AP-1 member levels and activity are involved in osteoblast responsiveness to hyperglycemia and osmotic stress.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Diabetes is diagnosed by an elevated blood glucose level that is Ͼ200 mg/dl (11 mM) at any random testing (1). Cellular responses to elevated extracellular glucose are thought to contribute to the development of diabetic complications.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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p38 and Activating Transcription Factor-2 Involvement in Osteoblast Osmotic Response to Elevated Extracellular Glucose

Zayzafoon

Botolin

McCabe

2002

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Poorly controlled or untreated type I diabetes mellitus is characterized by hyperglycemia and is associated with decreased bone mass and osteoporosis. We have demonstrated that osteoblasts are sensitive to hyperglycemia-associated osmotic stress and respond to elevated extracellular glucose or mannitol by increasing c-jun and collagen I expression. To determine whether MAPKs are involved in this response, MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts were treated with 16.5 mM glucose, mannitol, or contrast dye for 1 h. Immunoblotting of phosphorylated p38 demonstrated activation of p38 MAPK by hyperosmotic stress in vitro and in vivo. Activation peaked at 20 min, remained detectable after 24 h, and was protein kinase C-independent. Activating transcription factor-2 (ATF-2) activation followed the same pattern as phospho-p38. Transactivation of cAMP response element (CRE)-and c-jun promoter (containing a CRE-like element)-reporter constructs increased following hyperosmotic treatment. SB 203580 (a p38 MAPK inhibitor) blocked ATF-2 phosphorylation, CRE transactivation, and c-jun promoter activation. Hyperosmotic activation of collagen I promoter activity was also inhibited by SB 203580, consistent with the involvement of c-jun in collagen I up-regulation. Therefore, we propose that hyperglycemia-induced increases in p38 MAPK activity and ATF-2 phosphorylation contribute to CRE activation and modulation of c-jun and collagen I expression in osteoblasts.

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Section: Fig 3 Activation Of P38 Is Protein Kinase C-independentmentioning

confidence: 52%

mentioning

confidence: 98%

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p38 and Activating Transcription Factor-2 Involvement in Osteoblast Osmotic Response to Elevated Extracellular Glucose

Zayzafoon

Botolin

McCabe

2002

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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“…It is easy to understand that the abnormal elevation in HbA1c indicates that the control of blood glucose may be not satisfactory, but studies have confirmed that abnormal elevation in blood glucose is an independent risk factor for the poor prognosis of critically ill patients,[11-13] and strict control of blood glucose is one of the target treatments for these patients. [14-16] Our results also indicated that the 28-day mortality of the patients without a medical history of diabetes (29/151, 19.21%) was significantly higher than that of the patients with definite diabetes (15/211, 7.11%) ( P =0.000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycated hemoglobin A1C and diabetes mellitus in critically ill patients

Zhang¹,

Wu²,

Li³

2013

World Journal of Emergency Medicine

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BACKGROUND:Hyperglycemia has been detected in many critically ill patients in the department of emergency medicine. But its mechanism and prognosis have not been well elucidated. In this study, we measured the serum level of glycated hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) in critically ill patients to evaluate the effects of hyperglycemia on the prognosis of the patients.METHODS:A total of 826 critically ill patients, who had been treated at the Department of Emergency Medicine of Chaoyang Hospital during October 2006 and November 2007, were divided into a diabetes mellitus group (n=184) and a non-diabetes mellitus group (642) according to whether they had diabetes mellitus. Fasting glucose and HbA1c were measured in all patients. Those in the diabetes mellitus group were further assigned to a drug therapy subgroup and a non-drug therapy subgroup; the serum level of HbA1c and its relationship with short-term outcome were evaluated.RESULTS:Fasting glucose increased in 78.8% of the patients (88.6% in the diabetes mellitus group, and 75.9% in the non-diabetes mellitus group, P<0.05), and HbA1c was elevated in 45.5% of the patients (78.3% in the diabetes mellitus group, and 36.1% in the non-diabetes mellitus group, P<0.01). Fasting glucose, HbA1c and 28-day mortality were improved more significantly (P<0.01) in the drug therapy subgroup than in the non-drug therapy subgroup. The 28-day mortality was more significantly different in patients with fasting blood glucose >8.33 mmol/L than in those with fasting blood glucose <8.33 mmol/L.CONCLUSIONS:Hyperglycemia of critically ill patients could not totally attribute to stress response, especially in those who have no history of diabetes mellitus. Prognosis of hyperglycemia may vary among critically ill patients.

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“…Blood testing are from serum glucose can be tested at three dimensions Fasting, random, postprandial glycated hemoglobin gives us an accurate measurement of glycaemic control Blood lipid concentration of serum helps in understanding overall metabolic control in diabetic Patients. 14 …”

Section: Investigationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of abroma augusta mother tincture in type 2 diabetes mellitus by assessing blood glucose levels - a clinical study

E¹,

Sharma²,

Raj³

2018

Int J Recent Sci Res

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Laboratory Diagnosis and Monitoring of Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract: A b s t r a c tThe American Diabetes Association emphasizes fasting plasma glucose (FPG)

Cited by 30 publications

References 16 publications

p38 and Activating Transcription Factor-2 Involvement in Osteoblast Osmotic Response to Elevated Extracellular Glucose

p38 and Activating Transcription Factor-2 Involvement in Osteoblast Osmotic Response to Elevated Extracellular Glucose

Glycated hemoglobin A1C and diabetes mellitus in critically ill patients

Effect of abroma augusta mother tincture in type 2 diabetes mellitus by assessing blood glucose levels - a clinical study

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