Laboratory diagnosis and epidemiology of herpes simplex 1 and 2 genital infections

Biškup, Urška Glinšek; Uršič, Tina; Petrovec, Miroslav

doi:10.15570/actaapa.2015.9

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…This difference was attributed to the HSV‐2 because HSV‐1 most commonly occur in children from 6 months to 3 years of age, and the infection rate keeps increasing until adolescence . Antibodies against HSV‐2 are rarely detected before adolescence and its seroprevalence rises with sexual activity from adolescence through adulthood . In addition, although the IgG proportion of HSV between male and female is not statistically significant according to Fisher's test, the age‐adjusted OR analyzed by logistic regression test indicated gender as a risk factor for HSV seropositive.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whereas, the seroprevalence of HSV IgM, in contrast to that of IgG, was significantly higher in <20 than ≥20 cohorts. This difference was attributed to the HSV‐2 because HSV‐1 most commonly occur in children from 6 months to 3 years of age, and the infection rate keeps increasing until adolescence . Antibodies against HSV‐2 are rarely detected before adolescence and its seroprevalence rises with sexual activity from adolescence through adulthood .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Actually, seroconversion as a confirmation of primary infection has limited application, since the IgM occurrence is sometimes delayed . Therefore, the existence of viral genomic DNA is examined to predict the clinical outcomes in some cases, but the results may vary because of different test method .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serologic and viral genome prevalence of HSV, EBV, and HCMV among healthy adults in Wuhan, China

Wen

Qiu

Cheng

et al. 2017

Journal of Medical Virology

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The worldwide infection rate of herpesvirus is high, but the detailed prevalence in China, especially the central area, remains unclear. In the present study, the prevalence of herpes simplex virus (HSV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) was investigated in 303 healthy adults in Wuhan, a representative city in Central China. Viral-specific IgG and IgM titers were examined in the serum by chemiluminescent immunoassay, and the existence of viral genomic DNA in blood cells was determined by nested PCR. The overall IgG seroprevalences were 81.5%, 95.4%, and 93.7% for HSV, EBV, and HCMV, while the corresponding IgM seroprevalences were only 6.3%, 2.3%, and 0. The viral genomic DNA of HSV, EBV, and HCMV was identified in the blood samples of 5.9%, 14.2%, and 22.8% of the tested donors, respectively. Significantly, less HSV IgM-positive samples were found in the population over 20 years old than below 20 group; female displayed higher chances for HSV IgG and genome positivity; and occupations such as waiters and medical staffs were shown to be with higher risk for HCMV genome positivity. This study provided useful reference data for the HSV, EBV, and HCMV prevalence in central China, and suggested the potential importance of detecting viral genome to complement serum test data.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serologic and viral genome prevalence of HSV, EBV, and HCMV among healthy adults in Wuhan, China

Wen

Qiu

Cheng

et al. 2017

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…Although HSV-2 is the major cause of genital lesions, HSV-1 accounts for half of new cases in developed countries. [ 16 ] In this study, all the isolates from genital ulcer were identified as HSV-2 and the lone isolate from oral blister was identified as HSV-1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Isolation, characterization and acyclovir susceptibility of herpes simplex virus isolates among immunocompromised patients

Nag

Sengupta

Sarkar

et al. 2021

Indian J Sex Transm Dis

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Introduction: Herpes simplex virus (HSV) Type 2 primarily causes genital herpes, while HSV Type 1 is responsible for oral and facial lesions. The objective of this study was to isolate and characterize HSV from herpetic lesions among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients and to evaluate their acyclovir susceptibility pattern. Materials and Methods: Blister fluid and swabs from ulcers were collected from patients with clinical diagnosis of HSV infection among patients attending the HIV clinic of two tertiary care centers – Medical College, Kolkata, and School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata. These samples were cultured in the Vero cell line. Growth of virus was noted by observing the characteristic cytopathic effect of HSV, which was further confirmed by immunofluorescence and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). These isolates were then subjected to the Vero cells with serial dilutions of acyclovir for determining the susceptibility pattern. Results: Among the 52 samples received, 8 (15.38%) showed growth of HSV. After confirmation by immunofluorescence and PCR, all seven isolates from genital samples were identified as HSV-2 and the lone isolate from oral lesion was confirmed as HSV 1. Out of the eight isolates, 25% showed resistance to acyclovir. The overall isolation rate was more from genital blister than genital ulcer which was 46.15% and 2.86%, respectively. Conclusion: HSV was isolated in 15.38% of cases of clinical herpes. There was a higher isolation rate of virus from blister fluid as compared to ulcer scrapings. Acyclovir resistance in 25% of cases is alarmingly high.

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“…HSV-1 has been typically associated with oral lesions, while HSV-2 is the major cause of genital lesions. Recently more cases of HSV-1 genital herpes have been reported [30, 31]. Genital herpes is of concern during pregnancy because of the risk of transmission to the infant [31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Depressed Mood With Herpes Simplex Virus-2 Immunoglobulin-G Levels in Pregnancy

et al. 2016

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Objective Depressed mood is common in pregnancy, is associated with stress, and could result in immune suppression that may lead to latent herpes viral reactivation. This study investigated whether depressed mood is associated with higher herpes viral IgG levels in pregnant women. Methods Complete cross-sectional data from 247pregnant women were available for this sub-study. The data included demographics, scores on the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and Profile of Mood States (POMS), and a panel of serum IgG levels for human herpesviruses. Results Only HSV-2 (genital herpes) IgG level was associated with PSS and POMS-Depression/Dejection (POMS-D) score. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was used to examine the association of POMS-D with herpesviral IgG levels adjusting for demographic variables. In the final model AA race (β = .251, p <.001), older age (β = .199, p =.002), single marital status (β=−.304, p<.001), and depressed mood (β=.122, p= .04) were associated with HSV-2 IgG levels. In logistic regression, the strongest correlates of HSV IgG positivity were single marital status, followed by POMS-D scores and African American race. Conclusion Genital herpes is a concern in pregnancy. Antibody titers may indicate asymptomatic viral shedding, viral reactivation, or primary viral infection. Antibody levels may be higher due to the immune changes of pregnancy and to potential immune effects of depressed mood causing reactivation of latent HSV-2.

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Laboratory diagnosis and epidemiology of herpes simplex 1 and 2 genital infections

Cited by 9 publications

References 33 publications

Serologic and viral genome prevalence of HSV, EBV, and HCMV among healthy adults in Wuhan, China

Serologic and viral genome prevalence of HSV, EBV, and HCMV among healthy adults in Wuhan, China

Isolation, characterization and acyclovir susceptibility of herpes simplex virus isolates among immunocompromised patients

Association of Depressed Mood With Herpes Simplex Virus-2 Immunoglobulin-G Levels in Pregnancy

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