Laboratory detection of a new free radical C4S (3Sigma-)

2018 Census of Interstellar, Circumstellar, Extragalactic, Protoplanetary Disk, and Exoplanetary Molecules

“…The detection of C 4 S was reported by Cernicharo et al (2021f) in Yebes 40-m observations of TMC-1. They identify and assign the N J = 10 11 → 9 10 , N J = 11 12 → 10 11 , N J = 12 13 → 11 12 , and N J = 13 14 → 12 13 transitions between 32.6-41.5 GHz based on the laboratory work of Hirahara et al (1993) and Gordon et al (2001). The dipole moment was taken from the work of Lee (1997).…”

TMC-1, the starless core sulfur factory: Discovery of NCS, HCCS, H2CCS, H2CCCS, and C4S and detection of C5S

“…Taking the large column density derived for CCS and C 3 S into account (Cernicharo et al 2021a), the next member of this family, C 4 S, is a potential candidate to be present in TMC-1. The spectroscopic laboratory data used to predict the spectrum of C 4 S are from Hirahara et al (1993) and Gordon et al (2001). A dipole moment of 4.03 D was computed through ab initio calculations by Pascoli & Lavendy (1998) and Lee (1997).…”

Laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy of the C4H and C4D radicals in a supersonic jet

“…It was first identified in the envelope of the carbon star, IRCϩ10216 in 1978 by radioastronomy, 8 and its discovery was one of the first spectroscopic identifications of long carbon chain free radicals containing four or more atoms in the gas phase. Since then, C n H (nϭ3 -9,11), [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] C n N (nϭ3,5), 18,19 and C n S (n ϭ3 -5) [20][21][22][23] have been identified in the interstellar medium or in laboratory experiments. Among these carbon-chain free radicals, C 4 H has been extensively studied in the microwave region as one of the most important species for probing interstellar conditions; it has been detected in many important astronomical sources: in a diffuse gas of the Orion arm, 3 in the dark molecular cloud TMCϪ1, [4][5][6][7] and also in the carbonrich circumstellar envelope of IRCϩ10216.…”