Laboratory-Confirmed Avian Influenza A(H9N2) Virus Infection, India, 2019

Potdar, Varsha; Hinge, Dilip; Satav, Ashish; Simões, Eric A F; Yadav, Pragya D; Chadha, Mandeep S.

doi:10.3201/eid2512.190636

Cited by 26 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 13 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Although it is reassuring that the virus detected is a typical aquatic bird Eurasian sub-lineage h9.3.3-n2.1.6 H9N2 LPAI virus [50,51], and not of the sub-lineage h9.4-n2.1.4, that has caused infection in humans [16][17][18], the presence of a reassortant H9N2 AIV in a resident wild bird, with some segments similar to viruses from countries remote to Australia, clearly indicates that these resident species are not isolated in regards to the global circulation of AIV. Therefore, any AIV lineage, including highly pathogenic viruses, could one day arrive.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The five faecal samples were initially processed for nucleic acid extraction as a pool, designated as pooled sample CT08. 18. AIV was subsequently detected in two out of five cloacal and oropharyngeal swab samples collected from the same five individual birds by a matrix gene PCR performed at the World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Melbourne, Australia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Detection of a Reassortant H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus with Intercontinental Gene Segments in a Resident Australian Chestnut Teal

Bhatta

Chamings

Vibin

et al. 2020

Viruses

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The present study reports the genetic characterization of a low-pathogenicity H9N2 avian influenza virus, initially from a pool and subsequently from individual faecal samples collected from Chestnut teals (Anas castanea) in southeastern Australia. Phylogenetic analyses of six full gene segments and two partial gene segments obtained from next-generation sequencing showed that this avian influenza virus, A/Chestnut teal/Australia/CT08.18/12952/2018 (H9N2), was a typical, low-pathogenicity, Eurasian aquatic bird lineage H9N2 virus, albeit containing the North American lineage nucleoprotein (NP) gene segment detected previously in Australian wild birds. This is the first report of a H9N2 avian influenza virus in resident wild birds in Australia, and although not in itself a cause of concern, is a clear indication of spillover and likely reassortment of influenza viruses between migratory and resident birds, and an indication that any lineage could potentially be introduced in this way.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of a Reassortant H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus with Intercontinental Gene Segments in a Resident Australian Chestnut Teal

Bhatta

Chamings

Vibin

et al. 2020

Viruses

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Data source: ECDC line list(Peacock et al, 2019;Potdar et al, 2019; WHO, 2019b WHO, , 2020a; The Government of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Press Release, online) Distribution of confirmed human cases of A(H9N2) by reporting country, 1998 -15 February2020 (n=62) …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Avian influenza overview November 2019– February2020

Adlhoch¹,

Fusaro²,

Kuiken³

et al. 2020

EFS2

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Between 16 November 2019 and 15 February 2020, 36 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N8) virus outbreakswere reported in Europe in poultry (n=34), captive birds (n=1) and wild birds (n=2), in Poland, Hungary, Slovakia, Romania, Germany, Czechiaand Ukraine,one HPAI outbreakcaused by a simultaneous infection with A(H5N2) and A(H5N8) was reported in poultry in Bulgaria, andtwo low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) A(H5) virus outbreaks were reported in poultryin the United Kingdom and in Denmark. Genomic characterisation of the HPAI A(H5N8) viruses suggests that they are reassortants of HPAI A(H5N8) viruses from Africa and LPAI viruses from Eurasia. It is likely that this reassortment occurred in wild migratory birds in Asia during the summer and then spread to eastern Europe with the autumnmigration. This is the first time that wild bird migration from Africa to Eurasia has been implicated in the long‐distance spread of HPAI viruses to the EU. Given the late incursion of HPAI A(H5N8) virus into the EU in this winter season (first outbreak reported on 30 December 2019), its overall restriction to eastern Europe, and the approaching spring migration, the risk of the virus spreadingfurther in the west via wild birds is decreasing for the coming months. Genetic analysis of the HPAI A(H5N2) and A(H5N8) viruses detected in the Bulgarian outbreak reveals that these virusesare both related to the 2018‐19 Bulgarian HPAI A(H5N8) viruses and not to the HPAI A(H5N8) viruses currently circulating in Europe.An increasing number of HPAI A(H5N1), A(H5N2), A(H5N5) and A(H5N6) virus outbreaks in poultry in Asia were reported during the time period for this report compared with the previous reporting period. Single outbreaks of HPAI A(H5N8) virus were notified by Saudi Arabia and South Africa. Furthermore, in contrast to the last report, HPAI virus‐positive wild birds were reported from Israel and one of the key migration areas in northern China.Two human cases due to A(H9N2) virus infection were reported during the reporting period.

show abstract

“…Data source: ECDC line list; see Appendix B.2;(Peacock et al, 2019;Potdar et al, 2019; WHO, 2019b, 2020e, c; Taiwan Centers for Disease Control Press Releases, online; The Government of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Press Release, online)…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Avian influenza overview August – December 2020

Adlhoch¹,

Fusaro²,

Gonzáles³

et al. 2020

EFS2

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Between 15 August and 7 December 2020, 561highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus detections were reported in 15EU/EEA countries and UK in wild birds, poultry andcaptive birds, with Germany (n=370), Denmark (n=65), the Netherlands (n=57) being the most affected countries.The majority of the detections have been reported in wild birds(n=510), primarily in barnacle goose, greylag goose, andEurasian wigeon. Raptors have also been detected infected, particularly common buzzard. The majority of the birds had been found dead or moribund,however, there are also reports ofHPAI virus infection in apparently healthy ducks or geese.A total of 43 HPAI outbreaks were notified in poultry;with signs of avian influenza infection being observed in at least 33 outbreaks;the most likely source of infection was indirect contact with wild birds. Three HPAI virus subtypes, A(H5N8) (n=518), A(H5N5) (n=17) and A(H5N1) (n=6),and four different genotypes were identified, suggesting the occurrence of multiple virus introductions into Europe.The reassortant A(H5N1) virus identified in EU/EEA countries has acquired gene segments from low pathogenic viruses and is not related to A(H5N1) viruses of e.g. clade 2.3.2.1c causing human infections outside of Europe. As the autumn migration of wild waterbirds to their wintering areasin Europe continues, and given the expected local movements of these birds, there is still a high risk of introduction andfurther spread ofHPAI A(H5) viruses within Europe.The risk of virus spread from wild birds to poultry is high and Member States should enforce in ‘high risk areas’ of their territories the measures provided for in Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2018/1136.Detection of outbreaks in breeder farms in Denmark, the Netherlands and United Kingdom, highlight also the risk of introduction via contaminated materials (bedding/straw) and equipment.Maintaining high and sustainable surveillance andbiosecurityparticularly in high‐risk areas is of utmost importance. Two human cases due to zoonoticA(H5N1) and A(H9N2) avian influenza virus infection werereportedduring the reporting period. The risk for the general population as well as travel‐related imported human cases are assessed as very low.

show abstract

Laboratory-Confirmed Avian Influenza A(H9N2) Virus Infection, India, 2019

Cited by 26 publications

References 13 publications

Detection of a Reassortant H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus with Intercontinental Gene Segments in a Resident Australian Chestnut Teal

Detection of a Reassortant H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus with Intercontinental Gene Segments in a Resident Australian Chestnut Teal

Avian influenza overview November 2019– February2020

Avian influenza overview August – December 2020

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About