Laboratory Calibration of Impact Plates for Measuring Gravel Bed Load Size and Mass

Kuhnle, Roger A.; Wren, Daniel G.; Hilldale, Robert C.; Goodwiller, Bradley T.; Carpenter, Wayne O.

doi:10.1061/(asce)hy.1943-7900.0001391

Cited by 14 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…First, the signal recorded by a given plate for a given bedload particle can differ depending on the particle’s trajectory, which notably depends on surrounding flow conditions, as for example water discharge, flow velocity, and bed roughness [ 39 , 40 , 41 , 52 , 53 ]. For example, Kuhnle et al [ 51 ] experimentally tested an acoustic sensor very similar to the SPG system, using a steel plate with similar dimensions but an accelerometer sensor instead of a geophone sensor [ 43 ]. They found that the mass of a grain impacting the plate is related with a power law to the maximum amplitude A max of the signal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This could result in a better understanding of the relationship between the signal recorded by the plate and the actual mass of bedload in transport, and may reduce the need for collection of large calibration samples. Finally, recent research aimed to identify bedload particle size classes using acoustic sensors, based on the maximum amplitude of the signal [ 40 , 43 ]. By developing an impact experiment that covers the range of maximum amplitude produced by mixed-size particles during natural bedload transport events, the results presented in this paper contribute to the effort made towards a grain-size identification of bedload transport using the SPG system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When a network of acoustic sensors is deployed (along and/or across a channel), both spatial and temporal variations of bedload transport intensity can be monitored. This approach has been successfully used in many environments, including steep and highly-energetic Alpine streams [ 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 ], for both theoretical [ 38 , 39 , 40 , 42 , 43 ] and applied [ 37 , 44 , 45 , 46 ] purposes. By providing an indirect signal of bedload transport intensity, acoustic sensors however require calibration and validation to transform the signal recorded by the sensors into an actual mass of bedload in transport [ 36 , 38 , 40 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bedload Transport Monitoring in Alpine Rivers: Variability in Swiss Plate Geophone Response

Antoniazza

Nicollier

Wyss

et al. 2020

Sensors

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Acoustic sensors are increasingly used to measure bedload transport in Alpine streams, notably the Swiss plate geophone (SPG) system. An impact experiment using artificial weights is developed in this paper to assess the variability in individual plate response and to evaluate the extent to which calibration coefficients can be transferred from calibrated plates to non-calibrated plates at a given measuring site and/or to other measuring sites. Results of the experiment over 43 plates at four measuring sites have notably shown (a) that the maximum amplitude (V) recorded by individual plates tends to evolve as a power law function of the impact energy (J), with an exponent slightly larger than 1, for all the plates at all measuring sites; (b) that there is a substantial propagation of energy across plates that should be taken into account for a better understanding of the signal response; (c) that the response of individual plates is in most cases consistent, which suggests that calibration coefficients are comparable within and in between measuring sites, but site-specific and plate-specific variabilities in signal response have to be considered for a detailed comparison.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Bedload Transport Monitoring in Alpine Rivers: Variability in Swiss Plate Geophone Response

Antoniazza

Nicollier

Wyss

et al. 2020

Sensors

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“…On the one hand, underwater microphones (Geay et al, 2017;Thorne, 1986) and seismometers located near the stream channel (Dietze et al, 2019;Gimbert et al, 2019;Roth et al, 2016) record the self-generated noise produced by the interparticle collisions of moving bedload material. On the other hand, devices such as the Japanese pipe microphone (Mizuyama et al, 2010a(Mizuyama et al, , 2010bMao et al, 2016) and the impact plate system, equipped either with a microphone, a piezoelectric sensor, or a geophone (e.g., Hilldale et al, 2015;Koshiba et al, 2018;Krein et al, 2008;Kuhnle et al, 2017;Raven et al, 2010;Rickenmann & McArdell, 2007;Wyss et al, 2016a) record the noise produced by the elastic impact of particles on a metallic structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field and flume measurements with the impact plate: Effect of bedload grain‐size distribution on signal response

Nicollier

Rickenmann

Hartlieb

2021

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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“…The plates were set to record over 2.5-min intervals with a maximum frequency of 5 Hz to reduce the effect of multiple counts from rolling particles. While seismic sensor recordings vary as a function of particle impact location, shape, size, mode of transport, and energy transmitted to the plate (summarized by Wyss et al, 2016a), a growing body of calibration data confirms that impacts provide a reasonable estimate of particle transport (e.g., Barrière et al, 2015;Kuhnle et al, 2017;Wyss et al, 2016aWyss et al, , 2016bWyss et al, , 2016c.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond Stationarity: Influence of Flow History and Sediment Supply on Coarse Bedload Transport

Downs

Soar

2021

Water Resources Research

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Understanding how river bedload responds to climate and land use changes and water resource management initiatives is critical in developing sustainable approaches to river management. Passive monitoring techniques permit investigation of interannual dependencies in bedload transport in high resolution, including sediment supply factors. Here, seismic impact plate records are processed using a probabilistic model BedLoad from Impact Plates model to derive a 5‐year bedload data set at 5‐min intervals for the lower River Avon, Devon, UK. For water years that range from very dry to very wet, annual coarse bedload yields are estimated to vary through two orders of magnitude with wide prediction intervals. The most effective discharge occurs consistently at about one‐third of bankfull flow, morphologically at “subbarfull” stage, the result of hysteretic trends and falling limb transport in this non‐threshold channel. A two‐phase sediment rating curve is revealed with a variable supply related “bulge” during in‐bank flows, giving way to a near‐linear trend during overbank flows. The supply related component is predicted well using a sensitivity style metric that combines the cumulative duration of competent flows with the magnitude‐duration product of near‐threshold flows, defining a field‐scale exemplar of “stress history.” Further, the relative proportion of supply related coarse bedload yield relates strongly to the relative wetness of the previous year. High resolution, multiyear data reveal that controls on bedload dynamics are unique to a site's hydrogeoclimatic context and position in the river basin. Passive monitoring holds promise for generating “type sites” of bedload behavior critical for use in improving aquatic biodiversity and the sustainability of river management.

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Laboratory Calibration of Impact Plates for Measuring Gravel Bed Load Size and Mass

Cited by 14 publications

References 14 publications

Bedload Transport Monitoring in Alpine Rivers: Variability in Swiss Plate Geophone Response

Bedload Transport Monitoring in Alpine Rivers: Variability in Swiss Plate Geophone Response

Field and flume measurements with the impact plate: Effect of bedload grain‐size distribution on signal response

Beyond Stationarity: Influence of Flow History and Sediment Supply on Coarse Bedload Transport

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