Laboratory-Based Smart Power System, Part II: Control, Monitoring, and Protection

Abstract

Wide area monitoring (WAM), wide area protection (WAP), and wide area control (WAC) systems will enhance the future of smart grid operation in terms of reliability and security. In part I of this paper, a proposed architecture for a hybrid ac/dc smart grid hardware test-bed system was presented. Design details of the various components and their connectivity in the overall system architecture were identified. In part II of the paper, the focus is on the design of monitoring, control, and protection systems and their integrated real-time operation. Various control scenarios for system startup and continuous operation are examined. We have developed a control system based on wide area measurements. The advanced measurement system based on synchrophasors was also implemented using DAQs real-time synchronous data. The developed system features a wide variety of capabilities such as online system parameters calculation and online voltage stability monitoring. These are implemented as an experimental case to enhance wide area monitoring systems. Moreover, the protection system was designed inside of the real-time software environment to monitor the real-time wide area data, and make a comprehensive and reliable coordination for the whole system. Ideas related to the interaction of a dc microgrid involving sustainable energy sources with the main ac grid have been also implemented and presented. The implemented system is explicit and achievable in any research laboratory and for real-time real-world smart grid applications.

Development of Online Power Laboratory with Renewable Generation

“…Our review of the existing modern power laboratories shows a number of developments related to: a) smart grid laboratories [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] b) renewable energy laboratories [15,21,22] c) SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition) integrated laboratories [14,22,23] d) remote power laboratories [21,22,24] The list above shows that power engineering is becoming multidisciplinary field and the laboratories developed for teaching power engineering can be used in other areas including, communication, computer science, artificial intelligence, SCADA security, etc. Having this in mind can help academic staff teaching power engineering justify investment into these laboratories as they can be used by broader teaching and research communities especially when they are shared online by different departments of the university and different universities.…”

A software development toolkit for real-time synchrophasor applications

“…The development of PMUs and their capability to accurately measure dynamics of power system enabled an implementation of advanced monitoring and control applications [11] [12]. PMUs stream out synchronized phasor measurements at high sampling rates (typically 30 Hz, 50 Hz or 60 Hz) which are synchronized to an absolute time reference using Global Positioning Satellites (GPS) clocks.…”

Static Switch Controller Based on Artificial Neural Network in Micro-Grid Systems

“…In order to detect fault on the feeder, equality of currents in initial and terminal breakers of feeder are used [8]. In some large micro-grids, over-current relays are coordinated for over-current protection and detecting the faults [9][10][11].…”