Laboratory‐based seismic attenuation in Fontainebleau sandstone: Evidence of squirt flow

Subramaniyan, Shankar; Quintal, Beatriz; Madonna, Claudio; Saenger, Erik H.

doi:10.1002/2015jb012290

Cited by 64 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Subramaniyan et al . () also measure the extensional mode attenuation and Young's modulus in Fontainebleau sandstone with similar properties, in this case varying the fluid viscosity by mixing water and glycerine. For the fully glycerine‐saturated sample, they observe an attenuation peak in a similar frequency range and with comparable amplitude, supporting the observation of Pimienta et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forced oscillation measurements of seismic wave attenuation and stiffness moduli dispersion in glycerine‐saturated Berea sandstone

Chapman

Borgomano

Yin

et al. 2018

Geophysical Prospecting

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Fluid pressure diffusion occurring on the microscopic scale is believed to be a significant source of intrinsic attenuation of mechanical waves propagating through fully saturated porous rocks. The so‐called squirt flow arises from compressibility heterogeneities in the microstructure of the rocks. To study squirt flow experimentally at seismic frequencies the forced oscillation method is the most adequate, but such studies are still scarce. Here we present the results of forced hydrostatic and axial oscillation experiments on dry and glycerine‐saturated Berea sandstone, from which we determine the dynamic stiffness moduli and attenuation at micro‐seismic and seismic frequencies (0.004–30 Hz). We observe frequency‐dependent attenuation and the associated moduli dispersion in response to the drained–undrained transition (∼0.1 Hz) and squirt flow (>3 Hz), which are in fairly good agreement with the results of the corresponding analytical solutions. The comparison with very similar experiments performed also on Berea sandstone in addition shows that squirt flow can potentially be a source of wave attenuation across a wide range of frequencies because of its sensitivity to small variations in the rock microstructure, especially in the aspect ratio of micro‐cracks or grain contacts.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forced oscillation measurements of seismic wave attenuation and stiffness moduli dispersion in glycerine‐saturated Berea sandstone

Chapman

Borgomano

Yin

et al. 2018

Geophysical Prospecting

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“…For this purpose, most teams applied experimental undrained condition on the rock sample in order to investigate effects beyond the undrained regime. Several authors (e.g., Mikhaltsevitch et al, , , ; Pimienta, Fortin, & Guéguen, , ; Pimienta, Fortin, Borgomano, et al, ; Spencer & Shine, ; Subramaniyan et al, ) interpreted the measured dispersion and attenuation in terms of squirt flow. Consistent with squirt flow theory, the observed dispersion/attenuation effect depends both on frequency and fluid viscosity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elastic Dispersion and Attenuation in Fully Saturated Sandstones: Role of Mineral Content, Porosity, and Pressures

et al. 2017

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Because measuring the frequency dependence of elastic properties in the laboratory is a technical challenge, not enough experimental data exist to test the existing theories. We report measurements of three fluid‐saturated sandstones over a broad frequency band: Wilkenson, Berea, and Bentheim sandstones. Those sandstones samples, chosen for their variable porosities and mineral content, are saturated by fluids of varying viscosities. The samples elastic response (Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio) and hydraulic response (fluid flow out of the sample) are measured as a function of frequency. Large dispersion and attenuation phenomena are observed over the investigated frequency range. For all samples, the variation at lowest frequency relates to a large fluid flow directly measured out of the rock samples. These are the cause (i.e., fluid flow) and consequence (i.e., dispersion/attenuation) of the transition between drained and undrained regimes. Consistently, the characteristic frequency correlates with permeability for each sandstone. Beyond this frequency, a second variation is observed for all samples, but the rocks behave differently. For Berea sandstone, an onset of dispersion/attenuation is expected from both Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio at highest frequency. For Bentheim and Wilkenson sandstones, however, only Young's modulus shows dispersion/attenuation phenomena. For Wilkenson sandstone, the viscoelastic‐like dispersion/attenuation response is interpreted as squirt flow. For Bentheim sandstone, the second effect does not fully follow such response, which could be due to a lower accuracy in the measured attenuation or to the occurence of another physical effect in this rock sample.

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“…Such a velocity stiffening mechanism has been reported in the literature for porous and cracked rocks: elastic stiffening at the ultrasonic frequency of measurement (Batzle et al, ; Fortin et al, ; Müller et al, ). Studies further showed that—in most sandstones—no attenuation peak should be measured at ultrasonic frequencies (Pimienta et al, , , ; Subramaniyan et al, ). Hence, consistent with the conditions for the sought mechanism, waves amplitudes should not be affected at the ultrasonic frequency of measurement.…”

Section: Interpretationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution in Seismic Properties During Low and Intermediate Water Saturation: Competing Mechanisms During Water Imbibition?

Pimienta

David

Sarout

et al. 2019

Geophysical Research Letters

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Despite the efforts reported in the literature to explain contrasting experimental observations, the evolution of seismic attributes (velocity and attenuation) of rocks across the saturation range remains ill understood. In a comparative study, we monitored the evolution of ultrasonic P wave attributes in a porous sandstone subjected to two experiments of moisture adsorption and water spontaneous imbibition. Both experiments highlighted a significant (i.e., by 1 order of magnitude) and similar drop in P waves amplitudes, although the maximum saturations reached in each experiment is very different (i.e., about 2% vs. 70%). However, only moisture adsorption leads to a dramatic elastic softening (velocity reduction). This difference might be explained by the coupling between two competing physical mechanisms taking place during water imbibition, namely, elastic softening driven by water adsorption at the grain contact and elastic stiffening driven by full saturation of the grain contacts, at the ultrasonic frequency of the measurement.

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Laboratory‐based seismic attenuation in Fontainebleau sandstone: Evidence of squirt flow

Cited by 64 publications

References 65 publications

Forced oscillation measurements of seismic wave attenuation and stiffness moduli dispersion in glycerine‐saturated Berea sandstone

Forced oscillation measurements of seismic wave attenuation and stiffness moduli dispersion in glycerine‐saturated Berea sandstone

Elastic Dispersion and Attenuation in Fully Saturated Sandstones: Role of Mineral Content, Porosity, and Pressures

Evolution in Seismic Properties During Low and Intermediate Water Saturation: Competing Mechanisms During Water Imbibition?

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