Laboratory Assessment of the Effects of
Bacillus thuringiensis
on Native Lepidoptera

Peacock, John W.; Schweitzer, Dale F.; Carter, Jane L.; Dubois, Normand R.

doi:10.1093/ee/27.2.450

Cited by 57 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The results of this study suggest that the increased gut proteinase in fifth instar L. dispar feeding on transgenic poplars may not excessively degrade but rather activate Bt protoxins. Previous comparative studies focused on the effects of Bt toxin on young larvae (Olsen and Daly 2000;Peacock et al 1998), or on a single developmental stage (Cheng et al 1998). However, given the significant level of gene flow within and between standings of poplar (Génissel et al 2000), we believe that the Bt toxicity level must also be assessed for wandering mature larvae and adults.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant-Toxin Interactions in Transgenic Bt Cotton and their Effect on Mortality of <I>Helicoverpa armigera</I> (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Olsen¹,

Daly²

2000

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant-Toxin Interactions in Transgenic Bt Cotton and their Effect on Mortality of <I>Helicoverpa armigera</I> (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Olsen¹,

Daly²

2000

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“…Conversely, data on susceptibility will be almost completely specific to the tactic being assessed. There is a large amount of published data available on the susceptibility of many lepidopteran species to chemical applications and smaller amounts of data available on the Bt toxin that is incorporated into transgenic maize (Johnson et al, 1995;Peacock et al, 1998), and the egg parasitoid Trichogramma that is used as an augmentative biological control agent (Hoffmann et al, 1995;Orr et al, 2000). Unfortunately, an assessment of the susceptibility of all the lepidopteran species associated with maize is not available for any of the tactics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast to insecticides, physiological susceptibility to the Bt toxin varies widely within lepidopteran families and even within genera (Johnson et al, 1995;Peacock et al, 1998). This extreme variability essentially makes it impossible to establish a phylogenetic pattern that could guide the risk assessment process.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enumerating lepidopteran species associated with maize as a first step in risk assessment in the USA

Losey

Hufbauer

Hartzler

2003

Environ. Biosafety Res.

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Pest management can have substantial impacts on non-target species both within and outside the units being managed. Assessment of these impacts is hampered by the lack of even the most basic checklist of the species present in most systems. The maize agroecosytem is of particular interest because of the large area covered and the intensity of widely varying forms of pest management. In this study a database of lepidopteran species that occur within the maize agroecosystem in the United States was compiled. The process was initiated by developing a list of plants present in maize using published sources and the first-hand knowledge of "weed" experts. This list of plant species associated with maize was then cross-listed with lepidopteran host feeding records using published sources. Finally, phenological profiles and conservation rankings were added. Although our list is not exhaustive, we found 132 plant species in 33 families associated with maize, and 229 lepidopteran species in 21 families that feed on these plants. The database of plants and lepidopteran species can be a starting point for assessment of risk to non-target Lepidoptera in maize from chemical control, biological control, and the use of transgenic Bt maize. The lepidopteran species associated with maize were found to be significantly less imperiled, as measured by their conservation rankings, than lepidopteran species as a whole in all habitats. This finding suggests that rare or endangered lepidopteran species are unlikely to be impacted by pest management in maize. Based on the likely lack of impact of pest management in maize on individual species, future studies should focus on potential impacts on the ecological services that lepidopteran species provide.

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“…Bt sprays were toxic to cinnabar moth larvae Tyria jacobaea (L.) only when they were exposed to the toxins in later instars (James et al, 1993). Peacock et al (1998) showed that 27 of 42 species of forest Lepidoptera tested suffered mortality from Bt var. kurstaki sprays, especially when treated as early instars.…”

Section: Susceptibility Of Lepidopteran Species To Bt Toxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Btcrops: Predicting effects of escaped transgenes on the fitness of wild plants and their herbivores

Letourneau

Robinson

Hagen

2003

Environ. Biosafety Res.

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One prominent concern about genetically modified crops is the possibility of environmental impacts from the movement of fitness-enhancing traits to wild plant populations. Decisions to deregulate Bt crops in the USA have relied strongly on arguments that these crops will not interbreed with wild relatives in the permitted growing regions. Limited attention therefore has been directed to analyses of the consequences of gene flow. To provide a transparent evaluation process for risks associated with insecticidal transgene escape, we crafted a series of questions designed to guide this aspect of the risk assessment. We then explored the current knowledge base available for answering such risk-related questions for three Bt crops (cotton, rapeseed, and rice). First, we generated a list of wild relatives of these crops. A definitive list of potential transgene recipients is not yet possible for some crops. Sufficient data are not available for some crops to eliminate certain related plant species from consideration of fertile hybrid formation, thus making lists for these crops subject to speculation. Second, we queried the HOSTS database (UK) to obtain a worldwide listing of lepidopteran species that feed on these crops and their wild relatives, and to determine the host range of the larvae. To our knowledge, this list of 502 lepidopteran species is the first such list published for these crops and wild crop relatives. Third, we used a data set maintained by the Canadian Forest Service to assess Bt toxin susceptibility for these lepidopterans. Only 3% of those species have been tested for susceptibility; and the literature suggests that generalizations about susceptibility among taxa are difficult due to the variability within families. Fourth, we consulted the literature to interpret what is known about the ability of lepidopterans to regulate plant fitness or invasiveness. We could not eliminate the possibility of ecological release due to plant resistance against lepidopterans. In fact, there is strong experimental evidence that lepidopteran herbivores do limit the distribution and/or abundances of at least some wild plant species. Neither could we eliminate the possibility that non-target lepidopterans might have important functions in the ecosystem as pollinators or alternate hosts to natural enemies of pest species. This study suggests that crucial data are lacking for the development of a credible scientific basis to confirm or deny environmental risks associated with the escape of Bt transgene constructs to wild relatives. Given the absence of information on the identity, level of susceptibility, and ecological roles of lepidopterans exploiting specific wild relatives of Bt crops, we suggest that new efforts be directed to assessing possible consequences of lepidopteran mortality on resistant wild relatives.

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Laboratory Assessment of the Effects of Bacillus thuringiensis on Native Lepidoptera

Cited by 57 publications

References 11 publications

Plant-Toxin Interactions in Transgenic Bt Cotton and their Effect on Mortality of <I>Helicoverpa armigera</I> (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Plant-Toxin Interactions in Transgenic Bt Cotton and their Effect on Mortality of <I>Helicoverpa armigera</I> (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Enumerating lepidopteran species associated with maize as a first step in risk assessment in the USA

Btcrops: Predicting effects of escaped transgenes on the fitness of wild plants and their herbivores

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