Laboratory assessment and diagnosis of congenital viral infections: Rubella, cytomegalovirus (CMV), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), parvovirus B19 and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Mendelson, Ella; Aboudy, Yair; Smetana, Zehava; Tepperberg, Michal; Grossman, Zahava

doi:10.1016/j.reprotox.2006.02.001

Cited by 85 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 379 publications

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“…Cytomegalovirus infection is particularly serious because it is associated with hearing/vision loss and mental retardation and can be transmitted from the mother to the fetus through a transplacental route, as well as during delivery or breastfeeding (52,67). Unfortunately, the presence of maternal immunity does not absolutely protect the fetus, although it does reduce the likelihood of transmission (68,69). Antiviral medication prophylaxis has not generally been recommended during pregnancy (70).…”

Section: Risks Of Pregnancy To the Mothermentioning

confidence: 99%

Pregnancy after Kidney Transplantation

McKay

Josephson²

2008

Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

127

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Reproductive success is a common, expected outcome for male and female recipients of solid-organ transplants. Men can father children, and women can become pregnant and carry the fetus to delivery. There are, however, important maternal and fetal complications that need to be considered to provide optimal care to the mother and her infant. Although pregnancy is common after the transplantation of all solid organs, guidelines for optimal counseling and clinical management are limited. This review discusses information to help the physician counsel the kidney transplant recipient about risks of pregnancy for the mother and the fetus and provides information to help guide treatment of the pregnant transplant recipient.

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Section: Risks Of Pregnancy To the Mothermentioning

confidence: 99%

Pregnancy after Kidney Transplantation

McKay

Josephson²

2008

Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

127

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“…One of the first tests was CF, but it is not very sensitive, difficult to automate, and can only be used to diagnose recent infection [342][343][344][345][346][347][348][349] .…”

Section: Cfmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A titre of 1:2-1:16 (conventional test) or 1:4 (enhanced test) is considered protective against varicella, but not against re-infection, which leads to a rise in antibody titre in the absence of clinical symptoms [343,365,376] . Nt (primarily the C-enhanced tests) have been found to be as sensitive as FAMA in some studies, but they cannot be automated and, as they are laborious and take a long time, they are difficult to use in routine practice and are therefore only used in reference centres [348,366,367,376,377] . LA: LA is simple, cheap and rapid [377][378][379][380] .…”

Section: Cfmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indirect immunofluorescence antibody tests allow the detection of IgG or IgM antibodies which binds to a spot of virus infected cells on a slide by a fluorescentlabled secondary antibody and can be detected using a fluorescence microscope [348,[381][382][383] . They are sensitive and rapid tests, but manual and difficult to automate, subjectively read, and unsuitable for large numbers [348,384] .…”

Section: Ifamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are sensitive and rapid tests, but manual and difficult to automate, subjectively read, and unsuitable for large numbers [348,384] . FAMA: FAMA is considered the gold standard [347,376,379,[385][386][387][388] .…”

Section: Ifamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microbiology laboratory and the management of mother-child varicella-zoster virus infection

Paschale

Clerici

2016

WJV

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Varicella-zoster virus, which is responsible for varicella (chickenpox) and herpes zoster (shingles), is ubiquitous and causes an acute infection among children, especially those aged less than six years. As 90% of adults have had varicella in childhood, it is unusual to encounter an infected pregnant woman but, if the disease does appear, it can lead to complications for both the mother and fetus or newborn. The major maternal complications include pneumonia, which can lead to death if not treated. If the virus passes to the fetus, congenital varicella syndrome, neonatal varicella (particularly serious if maternal rash appears in the days immediately before or after childbirth) or herpes zoster in the early years of life may occur depending on the time of infection. A Microbiology laboratory can help in the diagnosis and management of mother-child infection at four main times: (1) when a pregnant woman has been exposed to varicella or herpes zoster, a prompt search for specific antibodies can determine whether she is susceptible to, or protected against infection; (2) when a pregnant woman develops clinical symptoms consistent with varicella, the diagnosis is usually clinical, but a laboratory can be crucial if the symptoms are doubtful or otherwise unclear (atypical patterns in immunocompromised subjects, patients with post-vaccination varicella, or subjects who have received immunoglobulins), or if there is a need for a differential diagnosis between varicella and other types of dermatoses with vesicle formation; (3) when a prenatal diagnosis of uterine infection is required in order to detect cases of congenital varicella syndrome after the onset of varicella in the mother; and (4) when the baby is born and it is necessary to confirm a diagnosis of varicella (and its complications), make a differential diagnosis between varicella and other diseases with similar symptoms, or confirm a causal relationship between maternal varicella and malformations in a newborn. Core tip: Although varicella during pregnancy is infrequent and congenital varicella syndrome (CVS) is rare, every available means should be used to prevent and diagnose them. Microbiology laboratories can be crucial in these situations: Evaluating a mother's immune status with sensitive and specific tests for the detection of antibodies; allowing a rapid diagnosis with molecular biology tests when a clinical manifestation may be due to different etiologies; following pregnant women with varicella for the prenatal diagnosis of CVS with close collaboration between molecular biology investigators and specialists in imaging diagnostics.De Paschale M, Clerici P. Microbiology laboratory and the management of mother-child varicella-zoster virus infection. World

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Perinatal Infections

Whittum,

Ros

2023

Queenan's Management of High‐Risk Pregnancy

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Laboratory assessment and diagnosis of congenital viral infections: Rubella, cytomegalovirus (CMV), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), parvovirus B19 and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Cited by 85 publications

References 379 publications

Pregnancy after Kidney Transplantation

Pregnancy after Kidney Transplantation

Microbiology laboratory and the management of mother-child varicella-zoster virus infection

Perinatal Infections

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