Laboratory and Workplace Assessments of Rivet Bucking Bar Vibration Emissions

McDowell, Thomas W.; Warren, Christopher; Xu, Xueyan S.; Welcome, Daniel E.; Dong, Ren G.

doi:10.1093/annhyg/meu091

Cited by 7 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Although the data from the simulated test may not have much value for risk assessment, it demonstrates that the club head vibration can be reduced by adding mass and damping. This concept is similar to that used for reducing the handheld bucking bar vibration in a riveting process (McDowell et al, 2015). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vibration characteristics of golf club heads in their handheld grinding process and potential approaches for reducing the vibration exposure

Chen

Lin

Xiao

et al. 2017

International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics

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To control vibration-induced white finger among workers performing the fine grinding of golf club heads, the aims of this study are to clarify the major vibration sources in the grinding process, to identify and understand the basic characteristics of the club head vibration, and to propose potential approaches for reducing the vibration exposure. The vibrations on two typical club heads and two belt grinding machines were measured at a workplace. A simulated test station was also constructed and used to help examine some influencing factors of the club head vibration. This study found that the club head vibration was the combination of the vibration transmitted from the grinding machines and that generated in the grinding process. As a result, any factor that affects the machine vibration, the grinding vibration, and/or the dynamic response of the club head can influence the vibration exposure of the fingers or hands holding the club head in the grinding process. The significant influencing factors identified in the study include testing subject, grinding machine, machine operation speed, drive wheel condition, club head model, mechanical constraints imposed on the club head during the grinding, and machine foot pad. These findings suggest that the vibration exposure can be controlled by reducing the grinding machine vibration, changing the workpiece dynamic properties, and mitigating the vibration transmission in its pathway. Many potential methods for the control are proposed and discussed. Relevance to industry: Vibrations on handheld workpieces can be effectively transmitted to the hands, especially the fingers. As a result, a major component of the hand-arm vibration syndrome - vibration-induced white finger - has been observed among some workers performing the grinding and/or polishing tasks of the handheld workpieces such as golf club heads. The results of this study can be used to develop more effective methods and technologies to control the vibration exposure of these workers. This may help effectively control this occupational disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vibration characteristics of golf club heads in their handheld grinding process and potential approaches for reducing the vibration exposure

Chen

Lin

Xiao

et al. 2017

International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics

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“…The steel and tungsten rivet bucking bars in Tables 4 and 5 were assessed in the field tests on airplane frames in our reported study [36]. Rivet hammer H in Table 4 was used to set the rivets with the bars.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If such alternative weightings are used for assessing the glove effectiveness, the vibration components at frequencies above 500 Hz cannot be ignored in many cases. For example, significant vibration components can be observed in the range of 500 to 1,250 Hz on the percussive tools, bucking bars, and golf club heads [35,36]. If the unit weighting is used, the gloves will appear to be more effective than their percent reductions shown in Table 4.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While many of the tool spectra compiled for [28] came from studies that measured several tools in controlled trials, several of the included spectra were collected in the field or lab with few replicate trials. Several other tools from the literature including a vertical grinder [34], a hand-held grinded workpiece [35], and rivet bucking bars [36], with more vibration distributed in shear were also analyzed. Overall, the tool spectra were selected based on the following criteria: the vibration spectra were measured using the standard method defined in ISO 5349-1 (2001) [3], such that the spectra were simultaneously measured in the three orthogonal translational directions; the directions were documented such that the x , y , and z axes could be matched with the directions used to collect the glove transmissibility spectra – thus allowing the shear and compression directions to be confirmed; the measurements from impact tools were only usable if there was no significant dc shift [1].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tool-specific performance of vibration- reducing gloves for attenuating fingers-transmitted vibration

Welcome¹,

Dong²,

Xu³

et al. 2016

OER

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BACKGROUNDFingers-transmitted vibration can cause vibration-induced white finger. The effectiveness of vibration-reducing (VR) gloves for reducing hand transmitted vibration to the fingers has not been sufficiently examined.OBJECTIVEThe objective of this study is to examine tool-specific performance of VR gloves for reducing finger-transmitted vibrations in three orthogonal directions (3D) from powered hand tools.METHODSA transfer function method was used to estimate the tool-specific effectiveness of four typical VR gloves. The transfer functions of the VR glove fingers in three directions were either measured in this study or during a previous study using a 3D laser vibrometer. More than seventy vibration spectra of various tools or machines were used in the estimations.RESULTSWhen assessed based on frequency-weighted acceleration, the gloves provided little vibration reduction. In some cases, the gloves amplified the vibration by more than 10%, especially the neoprene glove. However, the neoprene glove did the best when the assessment was based on unweighted acceleration. The neoprene glove was able to reduce the vibration by 10% or more of the unweighted vibration for 27 out of the 79 tools. If the dominant vibration of a tool handle or workpiece was in the shear direction relative to the fingers, as observed in the operation of needle scalers, hammer chisels, and bucking bars, the gloves did not reduce the vibration but increased it.CONCLUSIONSThis study confirmed that the effectiveness for reducing vibration varied with the gloves and the vibration reduction of each glove depended on tool, vibration direction to the fingers, and finger location. VR gloves, including certified anti-vibration gloves do not provide much vibration reduction when judged based on frequency-weighted acceleration. However, some of the VR gloves can provide more than 10% reduction of the unweighted vibration for some tools or workpieces. Tools and gloves can be matched for better effectiveness for protecting the fingers.

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“…Unfortunately, there is no standardized method for comparing rivet bucking bars in terms of their vibration exposures. To that end, a recent NIOSH study included the development of a laboratory-based method for evaluating bucking bar vibrations (McDowell et al, 2015). That study found that the NIOSH test method shows promise for identifying rivet bucking bar designs that may reduce workplace HTV exposures to sheet metal workers, but the bucking bar test method is in need of some refinements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of feed force on rivet bucking bar vibrations

McDowell

Xü

Warren

et al. 2018

International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics

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Percussive riveting is the primary process for attaching the outer sheet metal “skins” of an aircraft to its airframe. Workers using manually-operated riveting tools (riveting hammers and rivet bucking bars) are exposed to significant levels of hand-transmitted vibration (HTV) and are at risk of developing components of hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS). To protect workers, employers can assess and select riveting tools that produce reduced HTV exposures. Researchers at the National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health (NIOSH) have developed a laboratory-based apparatus and methodology to evaluate the vibrations of rivet bucking bars. Using this simulated riveting approach, this study investigated the effects of feed force on the vibrations of several typical rivet bucking bars and that transmitted to the bucking bar operator’s wrist. Five bucking bar models were assessed under three levels of feed force. The study results demonstrate that the feed force can be a major influencing factor on bucking bar vibrations. Similar feed force effects were observed at the bucking bar operator’s wrist. This study also shows that different bucking bar designs will respond differently to variations in feed force. Some bucking bar designs may offer reduced vibration exposures to the bar operator’s fingers while providing little attenuation of wrist acceleration. Knowledge of how rivet bucking bar models respond to riveting hammer vibrations can be important for making informed bucking bar selections. The study results indicate that, to help in the appropriate selection of bucking bars, candidate bar models should be evaluated at multiple feed force levels. The results also indicate that the bucking bar model, feed force level, or the bucking bar operator have no meaningful effects on the vibration excitation (riveting hammer), which further suggests that the test apparatus proposed by NIOSH researchers meets the basic requirements for a stable vibration source in laboratory-based bucking bar vibration assessments. This study provides relevant information that can be used to help develop a standardized laboratory-based bucking bar evaluation methodology and to help in the selection of appropriate bucking bars for various workplace riveting applications. Relevance to Industry: Because the feed force level can affect HTV exposures to bucking bar operators, the feed force required for specific riveting operations should be an important consideration when selecting bucking bar models. This study provides useful information about bucking bar responses to riveting hammer vibrations; this knowledge can improve bucking bar selections.

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Laboratory and Workplace Assessments of Rivet Bucking Bar Vibration Emissions

Cited by 7 publications

References 15 publications

Vibration characteristics of golf club heads in their handheld grinding process and potential approaches for reducing the vibration exposure

Vibration characteristics of golf club heads in their handheld grinding process and potential approaches for reducing the vibration exposure

Tool-specific performance of vibration- reducing gloves for attenuating fingers-transmitted vibration

The effects of feed force on rivet bucking bar vibrations

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