Laboratory and Numerical Analysis of Steel Cold-Formed Sigma Beams Retrofitted by Bonded CFRP Tapes—Extended Research

Szewczak, Ilona; Rzeszut, Katarzyna; Różyło, Patryk; Snela, Małgorzata

doi:10.3390/ma13214960

Cited by 6 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…Sika CarboDur S carbon fibre, 1.2 mm thick and 50 mm thick tapes were used as reinforcement. Material tests enabled determining Poisson’s ratio ν = 0.308 and Young’s modulus E = 165 GPa, which was mentioned in [ 9 , 10 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main properties of CFRP composites depend on the type and orientation of carbon fibres, the parameters of the used epoxy resin, and its percentage share in the finished material, as well as drying conditions [ 17 ]. The advantages and disadvantages of CFRP tapes are described in detail in [ 10 ].…”

Section: Cfrp Tapesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A year later, in paper [ 8 ], the same authors suggested expanding the design guidelines in Eurocode 3 and AISI-DSM with recommendations regarding the design of compressed thin-walled C-section elements reinforced with CFRP. As it has already been stated, a majority of the cited papers focused on studying elements subjected to compression, whereas in the case of bent thin-walled beams, this number is limited [ 9 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of Adhesive Layer Thickness on the Behavior of Reinforcing Thin-Walled Sigma-Type Steel Beams with CFRP Tapes

et al. 2022

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This paper presents selected issues related to the reinforcement of steel element cold-formed with CFRP tapes. The first section of the paper is a review of source literature and a presentation of the basic information on cold-formed thin-walled steel elements and CFRP composite materials, stressing the advantages and disadvantages of using them to reinforce steel structures. Next, the authors present original research on reinforcing bent thin-walled sigma-type steel beams using adhesive CFRP tapes. Reference beams with a cross-section of Σ200 × 70 × 2 and a length of 3 m, reinforced with CFRP tape, were tested in the four-point bending scheme. Then, the paper discusses a developed numerical model that is consistent with the subject matter of the laboratory tests. The developed numerical model was prepared to represent the failure of the connection between the beam and the composite tape. This was followed by a number of numerical analyses in order to determine the optimum adhesive layer that would allow us to achieve the maximum reduction of the displacements and strains in bent thin-walled sigma-type beams. Three thicknesses of the SikaDur adhesive layer were analyzed in the study. Based on the analyzes, it was found that the increase in the thickness of the adhesive layer slightly reduced the strain and displacement in the beams, but caused a significant decrease in the load value, at which damage appeared in the glued joint.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cfrp Tapesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of Adhesive Layer Thickness on the Behavior of Reinforcing Thin-Walled Sigma-Type Steel Beams with CFRP Tapes

et al. 2022

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“…It should be emphasized that the motivation to take up this topic was the need to strengthen steel purlins made of cold-formed sigma steel elements (due to snowdrifts) in one of the supermarkets in Poland. Therefore, the authors of this study conducted a study of CFRP reinforced sigma beams [ 1 , 17 ]. Each time, the research showed a satisfactory effect of the use of CFRP tapes on the limitation of strain and displacements of the reinforced elements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Mechanical Properties of Steel and CFRP Tapes on the Effectiveness of Strengthening Thin-Walled Beams

2021

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The paper presents a comparison of the effectiveness of strengthening steel thin-walled, cold-formed sigma beams with CFRP tapes and steel tapes. For this purpose, three beams without reinforcement (reference beams) of the “Blachy Pruszyński” type, with a cross-section of ∑200 × 70 × 2 and a span of 280 cm, made of S350GD steel grade, were subjected to laboratory tests in the four-point bending scheme. In the next stage the tests included nine ∑200 × 70 × 2 beams reinforced with Sika CarboDur S512 CFRP tape and six ∑200 × 70 × 2 beams reinforced with steel tape made of S235 steel grade. The length of the reinforcement tapes as well made of steel as well of CFRP was of 175 cm. The location of the tapes within the height of the beams’ cross-section was assumed in three variants, namely placing the tape on the upper or bottom flange and on the web. In the case of beams reinforced with CFRP, three beams were tested for each reinforcement location, and in the case of beams reinforced with steel tapes, two beams were tested for each reinforcement location. SikaDur®-30 glue with a thickness of 1.3 mm was used in order to connect steel or CFRP tapes to the beams. The dimensions of the tapes cross-sections in both cases were similar (CFRP tapes: 50 × 1.2 mm, steel tapes: 50 × 1.3 mm). For all types of beams, numerical models were also developed in the Abaqus software. The main aim of this paper was investigation of the influence of mechanical properties of steel or CFRP tapes on the effectiveness of strengthening ∑ beams. For this purpose a comparison of these two solutions with respect to the limitation of displacements and deformations of the beam was performed. The obtained results were considered in the context of the mechanical properties of the materials composing the reinforcement tapes. The tests showed slight differences in the results of strain and displacements obtained for reinforcement made of two different materials. It was also noted that the decisive element was the failure of the joint at the steel-glue interface. Therefore, future studies will pay particular attention to the adhesive layer.

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“…They were subjected to four-point bending. In the work [ 19 ], they extended the research, and optical tests were performed using the ARAMIS system. Zaczynska and Kazmierczyk [ 20 ] performed a parametric study of medium-length beams made of variable functional gradation materials (FGM) consisting of aluminium and titanium layers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Optical Testing and Numerical Verification by CuFSM of Compression Columns with Modified Channel Sections

Paczos

Pawlak

2021

Materials

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Thin-walled channel columns with non-standard cross-section shapes loaded with gradually increasing compressive force applied at the geometric centre of gravity of the cross-section were the subject of the investigations presented in this paper. The aim of the research was to determine which of the columns has the most favourable geometrical characteristics in terms of the applied load. The main investigation was an experimental study carried out using two methods: strain gauging and the optical method. Based on strain gauging, the critical forces were determined using the strain averaging method and the linear regression tangent to compression plot method. In addition, modern optical tests were performed using the ARAMIS system. The buckling forces at which the first signs of buckling appear and the buckling modes of columns were determined. The results obtained from the experimental tests were used to validate the results of numerical tests carried out using the Finite Strip Method (CuFSM). Based on this method, the values of critical forces and the percentage contribution of individual buckling forms to the loss of stability of the compressed columns were determined.

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Laboratory and Numerical Analysis of Steel Cold-Formed Sigma Beams Retrofitted by Bonded CFRP Tapes—Extended Research

Cited by 6 publications

References 15 publications

Impact of Adhesive Layer Thickness on the Behavior of Reinforcing Thin-Walled Sigma-Type Steel Beams with CFRP Tapes

Impact of Adhesive Layer Thickness on the Behavior of Reinforcing Thin-Walled Sigma-Type Steel Beams with CFRP Tapes

Influence of Mechanical Properties of Steel and CFRP Tapes on the Effectiveness of Strengthening Thin-Walled Beams

Experimental Optical Testing and Numerical Verification by CuFSM of Compression Columns with Modified Channel Sections

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