Laboratory and modelling investigation of a Colorado oil-shale block heated to 900 °C☆

Gregg, Michael L.; Campbell, J. H.; Taylor, James

doi:10.1016/0016-2361(81)90175-7

Cited by 26 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…1.7 × 10 10 e −242/RTb Campbell et al 1980;Braun 1981;Gregg et al 1981 Mineral decomposition The reaction rate constant is dependent on temperature and R is the gas constant c Char and char' each represented by 7 pseudo-species with activation energies equal to the mean and ± 0.5, ± 1.5, ± 2.5 standard deviations from the mean d Rate constant cannot be derived. Detailed rate formulation can be found in the references provided…”

Section: Heat Transfer Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3.1 × 10 13 e −324/RTb,c Campbell et al 1980 Oil distillation Gregg et al 1981 Oil coking Braun 1981 Bound water release Braun 1981 Carbon gasification…”

Section: Heat Transfer Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reaction rate temperature-dependence is mainly described by Arrhenius kinetics (Levenspiel 1999). Reaction stoichiometry and kinetic parameters are based on Gregg et al (1981); Braun (1981), and Campbell et al (1980). A summary of reaction network parameters is given in Table 1.…”

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thermal conductivity and heat capacity are computed as functions of kerogen content remaining using empirical formations for Green River oil shale given by Gregg et al (1981). The heat transfer rate from the matrix to fractures (+) or visa versa (−), H fm , which represent a source-sink term in the fracture heat balance equation, is given by…”

Section: Heat Transfer Formulation T1: Spherical Conduction Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Computer models applicable to in situ oil shale retorting have been reported and applied to analyze bench scale and field pilot tests under various conditions (George and Harris 1977;Campbell et al 1980;Braun 1981;Gregg et al 1981;Braun et al 1982). Previous oil shale modeling efforts have utilized a multi-continuum modeling approach consisting of a bed of rock fragments with advective-diffusive heat and mass transport in pore space between fragments and dominantly diffusive transport within the rock fragments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Efficient Modeling Approach to Simulate Heat Transfer Rate between Fracture and Matrix Regions for Oil Shale Retorting

Zhai

Parker

2009

Transp Porous Med

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The conversion of hydrocarbons in oil shale into liquid fuels has gained interest due to decreasing conventional oil reserves. Thermal conversion involves heating fractured rock and recovering gas and liquid phase products. The efficiency of this process is markedly dependent on heat transfer limitations between fracture porosity and rock matrix. Computer models are useful tools for process optimization. Explicit modeling of heat transfer processes within rock fragments would require great computational effort, making inverse modeling and forward process optimization very difficult if not impracticable. In this article, we evaluate the feasibility of using first-order heat transfer formulations to approximate these processes by comparing first-order model results with a rigorous explicit formulation and by comparison with laboratory retorting experiments published in the literature. Comparison of the two modeling approaches indicates that the first-order heat transfer approximation can be used without significant loss of accuracy if the block size and/or heating rate are not too large, as quantified by a proposed dimensionless heating rate. However, computational effort can be decreased by an order of magnitude compared with explicitly simulating diffusive heat transfer. List of symbols bHeating rate d m Rock fragment diameter E m Rate of heat generated (+) or absorbed (−) by reactions H fm Heat transfer rate from the matrix to fractures (+) or visa versa (−) r Radial distance from the center of the rock fragment r H Rate of temperature increase in fractures r m Radius of rock fragments r H Rate of rock surface temperature increase R H Dimensionless heating rate S m Specific heat of the rock matrix, T m is the rock matrix temperature t Time T f Fracture-rock interface temperature at the corresponding location T 0 Initial rock temperature T m Average rock matrix temperature β Linearized heat transfer coefficient λ m Thermal conductivity of the rock matrix ρ m Rock matrix density defined as the solid phase mass per total fracture-matrix volume

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Section: Heat Transfer Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3.1 × 10 13 e −324/RTb,c Campbell et al 1980 Oil distillation Gregg et al 1981 Oil coking Braun 1981 Bound water release Braun 1981 Carbon gasification…”

Section: Heat Transfer Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%