Laboratory and model simulations of a LNAPL spill in a variably-saturated sand, 1. Laboratory experiment and image analysis techniques

Geel, Paul J. Van; Sykes, J. F.

doi:10.1016/0169-7722(94)90075-2

Cited by 71 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Previously, the LRM was used to investigate NAPL infiltration under controlled lighting conditions such as using only two tungsten filament floodlights to illuminate the flume front wall in a dark room [5,46]. Problems such as reflections of the camera or other peripheral equipment appears on the sand tank walls can be eliminated by placing a black curtain or sheet of black felt in front of the tank.…”

Section: Image Analysis Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

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Laboratory simulation of LNAPL spills and remediation in unsaturated porous media using the image analysis technique: A review

Kamaruddin

Sulaiman

Zakaria

et al. 2011

2011 National Postgraduate Conference

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Leaking from underground storage and surface spills of hydrocarbon sources can cause serious nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL) contamination in subsurface environments. The toxic compounds of chemicals have made field study impracticable and it has been replaced by laboratory and numerical simulations. This paper introduces the methodology for two-dimensional light nonaqueous phase liquid (LNAPL) flow behavior and remediation experiments using the image analysis technique (IAT). The LNAPL flow behavior experiments are divided into qualitative and quantitative infiltration and redistribution experiments, with and without numerical modeling. The laboratory setup for the quantitative experiments emphasizes the sand tank fabrication, sand packing techniques, typical porous media properties, and the selection of the LNAPL source. In this paper, several methods of enhanced remediation experiments are discussed to explain how LNAPL extraction was carried out for remediation. The requirements and image processing in the IAT are also highlighted from the existing researches. From the discussion, this nondestructive and nonintrusive technique can provide safer and larger coverage of regions for saturation imaging of LNAPL distribution in porous media compared to other techniques. Overall, this paper discusses the laboratory works to produce a highly reliable saturation imaging and current visualization technique for characterizing and analyzing NAPL migration in 2-D aquifer models.

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Section: Image Analysis Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Photographs are taken through a slit or hole in the curtain, as shown in Figure 1. Compared to the LTM, the LRM [5][6][7][46][47] is more applicable and has a more accessible light source arrangement for larger 2-D chambers.…”

Section: Image Analysis Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory simulation of LNAPL spills and remediation in unsaturated porous media using the image analysis technique: A review

Kamaruddin

Sulaiman

Zakaria

et al. 2011

2011 National Postgraduate Conference

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“…More recently, an effort has been made in the developments of two-dimensional experiments in either homogeneous or heterogeneous sands (Pantazidou and Sitar 1993;Van Geel and Sykes 1994;Oostrom et al 2003;Sharma and Mohamed 2003;Kechavarzi et al 2005 among others). Various devices have been used in the laboratory to monitor the progression of the NAPL in the sand mass, as shown, as an example, in Fig.…”

Section: Napl Retention and Transfer Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geoenvironmental Testing

Delage

Romero

2008

Geotech Geol Eng

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“…Eckberg and Sunada (1984) and Lenhard, Dane, Parker, and Kaluarachchi (1988) and in 2-dimension by; e.g. Van Geel and Sykes (1994) and Kechavarzi, Soga, and Illangasekare (2005). Few researchers conducted the experiments to study effects of water table fluctuation on LNAPL redistribution in onedimension, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of water table fluctuation on diesel fuel migration in one-dimensional laboratory study

Yimsiri

Eua-Apiwatch

Flores

et al. 2016

European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering

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The effects of water table fluctuation on diesel fuel redistribution in unsaturated soil are investigated in the laboratory by one-dimensional column test. The simplified image analysis method is used to assess the saturation distributions of water and diesel in the flow domain under transient condition. The experiments are undertaken on two homogeneous sands to study the effects of different particle sizes. The two-phase experimental data illustrate soil-liquid characteristic curves (SLCCs) of water/air and diesel/air systems. The SLCCs of diesel/water systems can be predicted by scaling procedure. A descending order of matric suction at a given saturation of wetting phase is in the order of air/water, diesel/water and air/diesel systems. Coarser particle size gives smaller entry pressure, residual matric suction and residual degree of saturation. The three-phase (air/water/diesel) experimental data illustrate that, during imbibition stages, air and diesel are entrapped below water table with the entrapped air saturations of 18-24% and entrapped diesel saturations of 6-10% for fine sand. Coarser particle size yields smaller entrapped diesel saturations and larger entrapped air saturations. The residual diesel saturations during drainage stages and entrapped diesel saturations during imbibition stages do not show any systematic difference as these stages are repeated. During imbibition stages, 37-47% of the total amount of diesel fuel is entrapped under the water table. Also, there is no systematic difference in the amount of diesel fuel entrapped under the water table when imbibition stages are repeated.

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Laboratory and model simulations of a LNAPL spill in a variably-saturated sand, 1. Laboratory experiment and image analysis techniques

Cited by 71 publications

References 20 publications

Laboratory simulation of LNAPL spills and remediation in unsaturated porous media using the image analysis technique: A review

Laboratory simulation of LNAPL spills and remediation in unsaturated porous media using the image analysis technique: A review

Geoenvironmental Testing

Effects of water table fluctuation on diesel fuel migration in one-dimensional laboratory study

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