Laboratory and Field Investigations on the Ability of Eggs of the European Pine Sawfly, <i>Neodiprion sertifer</i> (Geoffroy) to Withstand Low Winter Temperatures

Sullivan, C. R.

doi:10.4039/ent97978-9

Cited by 29 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…In Canada, the fall cankerworm, Alsophila pometaria (Harris), has a lower SCP in the Temperate Dry climate of Alberta (-44.6°C;Sømme, 1964), than in the Temperate Cold Continental climate of Nova Scotia (-37.2°C;MacPhee, 1964). The SCP of Neodiprion pratti banksianae Rohwer in Canada is higher in the Temperate Cold Continental zone (-34.0°C) than that in the colder Boreal Continental zone (-39.1°C) (Sullivan, 1965). The European elm bark beetle, Scolytus multistriatus (Marsham), freezes at a higher temperature in the Temperate Cold Continental climate of Michigan, USA, (-24.1°C; Truchan & Butcher, 1970) than in the colder Boreal Continental zone of mid-Asia (-53.0°C; Lozina-Lozinskii, 1974).…”

Section: Variation Within Species Among and Within Climatic Zonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are large differences among populations of Neodiprion sertifer Geoffr. within the Temperate Cold Continental climate of Estonia and Latvia, -34.1°C (Sullivan, 1965); -39.1 to -40.6°C (Kopvillem & Kuusik, 1971;Merivee, 1978) but not among populations in Japan and Canada (-30.8° and -32.1°C) or between those and populations in the Temperate Highlands of Europe (-30.1 to -32.0°C) (Sullivan, 1965). Similar differences occur between populations of D. radicum from Estonia (-25.2°C;Merivee, 1978) and Leningrad (ca -21°C; Koš ál, 1993) but Turnock et al (1998) found no relationship between the SCP and the mean January air temperature for populations of this species from different locations and climatic zones.…”

Section: Variation Within Species Among and Within Climatic Zonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of these, snowcover is the major modifier of the temperature of partially-protected and protected habitats. Even small amounts of snow on the foliage of conifers may protect overwintering insects (e.g., Neodiprion sertifer eggs on pine branches in Boreal forests; Sullivan, 1965).…”

Section: Winter Climates and Insect Overwintering Habitatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The importance of avoiding injurious low temperatures by behavioural and developmental mechanisms was recognized, and authors have investigated the microclimates of some overwintering habitats (Cloudsley-Thompson, 1962;Danks, 1978;Lamb et al, 1985;Ramløv, 1999;Sinclair, 2001). The SCP has been used in combination with meteorological data to predict survival for some species, primarily for those overwintering in exposed habitats (Green, 1962;Sullivan, 1965;Tenow & Nilssen, 1990;Bale, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Winter climates and coldhardiness in terrestrial insects

Turnock¹,

Fields²

2005

Eur. J. Entomol.

111

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Abstract. Overwintering insects must avoid injury and death from the freezing of tissues and from metabolic disruptions associated with exposure to low, non-freezing temperatures. The winter climates of the world are classified in relation to insect overwintering on the basis of their minimum temperatures and the duration of the winter (when temperatures are below the thermal range for activity and development). Outside the Tropical Wet zone, the severity of exposure to cold (temperature, snowfall, duration of exposure, predictability, variability) can vary from a few days at 0°C to months below -20°C with extremes as low as -60°C. The severity of the temperature exposure may be ameliorated by the selection by insects of overwintering sites (exposed, partly-exposed, protected). The relationships among overwintering habitats, the minimum winter temperature in climatic zones, and the supercooling points (SCP) of over 350 terrestrial insects from published reports were examined. Variability in the SCP among insects within each climatic zone and habitat was wide. Among the freeze-susceptible species that overwintered in exposed or partly-protected habitats the SCP and the cold severity of climate were correlated. This was not the case for insects that overwintered in protected habitats. The SCP's of freeze-tolerant insects were generally higher than the freeze-susceptible insects, and the SCP's were not tightly linked with the cold severity of climatic zone. Insects, both freeze-susceptible and freeze-tolerant, overwintering in exposed habitats had lower SCP's than insects from habitats that offered some protection from ambient temperatures. Thirty-eight species had reports of SCP's for different geographical locations. Although there were occasionally differences in the SCP's, there was no consistent pattern of insects having lower SCP's when overwintering in colder habitats. The incidence of freeze-tolerance was higher in boreal and polar climatic zones than in climatic zones with warmer winters. Holometabola insects had a higher incidence of freeze-tolerance than hemimetabola insects. Suggestions for future research directions are outlined.

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Section: Variation Within Species Among and Within Climatic Zonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Variation Within Species Among and Within Climatic Zonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Winter Climates and Insect Overwintering Habitatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Winter climates and coldhardiness in terrestrial insects

Turnock¹,

Fields²

2005

Eur. J. Entomol.

111

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“…Bale, 1991;Sinclair, 2001) and with the SCPs of some overwintering insects (e.g. Green, 1962;Sullivan, 1965;Tenow & Nilson, 1990;Turnock & Fields, 2005). The approach is also transferable to micro-modelling of mortality risk (cf.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecologically realistic modalities in arthropod supercooling point distributions

Hawes¹,

Bale²,

Convey³

et al. 2006

Eur. J. Entomol.

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Abstract. Modality in the supercooling points of cold tolerant but freezing intolerant terrestrial arthropods has proved a pragmatically reliable means of distinguishing between summer and winter cold hardiness in such species. This paper proposes an ecologically realistic method of modal analysis which may either be used in lieu of the traditional separation of supercooling points into "high" and "low" groups, or as a complementary assessment of the risk of freezing mortality. Instead of a posteriori determinations of modal break points, animal supercooling points are assigned a priori to one of four categories of cold hardiness: (1) summer coldhardy; (2) semi-cold-hardy; (3) cold-hardy; and (4) winter cold-hardy. Each category is identified by the temperature range within which arthropods can be expected to freeze. The temperature ranges assigned to each category are based on a conservative, but realistic, assessment of the temperatures at which animals can be expected to freeze at a given point in the season. The approach has greater discriminatory power than traditional bimodal descriptors (i.e."summer" and "winter" cold-hardy), as well as allowing animal supercooling points to be related to the temperatures they actually experience in their habitats. Thus, for example, animals considered "summer" cold-hardy according to conventional analysis may actually be "semi-cold-hardy" with supercooling points well within the safety margin of minimum ambient temperatures.

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10.1007/BF00349594

2011

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Laboratory and Field Investigations on the Ability of Eggs of the European Pine Sawfly, Neodiprion sertifer (Geoffroy) to Withstand Low Winter Temperatures

Cited by 29 publications

References 17 publications

Winter climates and coldhardiness in terrestrial insects

Winter climates and coldhardiness in terrestrial insects

Ecologically realistic modalities in arthropod supercooling point distributions

10.1007/BF00349594

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