Laboratory and Field Evaluations of Foamed Warm-Mix Asphalt Projects

Wielinski, Jason; Hand, Adam J. T.; Rausch, David M

doi:10.3141/2126-15

Cited by 64 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…Due to this clear fact, many WMA studies [16][17][18][19][20] have been conducted in an integrated manner by employing both laboratory tests and field evaluation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moisture damage characterization of warm-mix asphalt mixtures based on laboratory-field evaluation

Kim

Zhang

Ban

2012

Construction and Building Materials

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This study presents laboratory evaluation integrated with field performance to examine two widely used warm-mix asphalt (WMA) approaches-foaming and emulsion technology. For a more realistic evaluation of the WMA approaches, trial pavement sections of the WMA mixtures and their counterpart hot-mix asphalt (HMA) mixtures were implemented in Antelope County, Nebraska. Fieldmixed loose mixtures collected at the time of paving were transported to the laboratories to conduct various experimental evaluations of the individual mixtures. Among the laboratory tests, three (two conventional and one newly attempted) were performed to characterize moisture damage potential which is the primary focus of this study. From the laboratory test results, WMA mixtures showed greater susceptibility to moisture conditioning than the HMA mixtures, and this trend was identical from multiple moisture damage parameters including the strength ratio and the critical fracture energy ratio. Early-stage field performance data collected for three years after placement presented satisfactory rutting-cracking performance from both the WMA and HMA sections, which generally agrees with laboratory evaluations. Although the field performance data indicated that both the WMA and HMA show similar good performance, careful observation of field performance over aperiod of years is necessary since moisture damage can be accelerated after rutting or cracking as a later-stage pavement distress.

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“…Due to this clear fact, many WMA studies [16][17][18][19][20] have been conducted in an integrated manner by employing both laboratory tests and field evaluation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moisture damage characterization of warm-mix asphalt mixtures based on laboratory-field evaluation

Kim

Zhang

Ban

2012

Construction and Building Materials

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“…WMA refers to a technology that reduces the mixing and compaction temperatures in order to lower energy consumption and reduce the emissions of greenhouse or other toxic gases (Corrigan 2013). However, One of the concerns of the use of low production temperatures for producing WMA is that the aggregate does not always dry adequately, which could lead to the susceptibility of the asphalt mix to moisture stripping or raveling (Diefenderfer et al, 2008;Wielinski et al, 2009;Kvasnak et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Simulation of Aggregate Heating in Asphalt Plants

Wen¹,

Zhang²

2014

Pavement Materials, Structures, and Performance

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Lowering production temperature in warm mix asphalt technology may lead to inadequate drying of aggregates, resulting in low-quality asphalt production. Due to difficulty in direct observation of drying and heating process and measurement of aggregate temperature inside the dryer, numerical analysis offers an alternative way to study heat transfer and aggregate temperature revolution. In this paper, coupled computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and discrete element method (DEM) is used to simulate aggregate movement and heat transfer in a simple drum. The effects of aggregate size, drum rotation speed and flights on aggregate temperature evolution and fluid temperature on the heating efficiency are studied. The results show that coupled CFD-DEM technique is an appropriate approach to study aggregate movement and temperature evolutions in the drum directly. Small particles can be heated more easily than large particles. Determination of optimal drum rotation speed needs to consider particle movement models as well as resident time in a real drum with inclined angle. High fluid temperature could reduce heating time of particles to reach the target mixing temperature. The preliminary results may provide some guidelines for operating the mixing drum efficiently and designing drum to control quality of asphalt mixes and save energy.

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“…During the past few years, several research studies have been conducted to evaluate the performance of foamed warm asphalt mix (e.g., Xiao et al 2010, Kvasnak et al 2010, Middleton et al 2009, Hodo et al 2009, and Wielinski et al 2009). One major concern for WMA mixtures that has been raised in those studies was rutting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Foamed Warm Mix Asphalt Performance Using the MEPDG

2012

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In recent years, warm mix asphalt (WMA) produced using foamed asphalt binder has gained popularity in the United States due to its ability to improve workability and compactability of asphalt mixtures produced at lower temperatures. As compared to other WMA technologies, foamed warm mix asphalt does not require the use of costly additives, making it less expensive to produce. In spite of the advantages, several concerns have been raised regarding the performance of this material due to use of lower production temperatures and its impact on aggregate drying and asphalt binder aging. This study aims at evaluating the performance of foamed WMA mixtures in comparison to that of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA). Two types of aggregates (crushed limestone and natural gravel) and two asphalt binders (neat PG 64-22 and polymer modified PG 70-22M) were used in this study. Dynamic modulus (E*) tests were conducted to evaluate the mechanical properties of the considered mixtures. The new Mechanistic Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG) software was used to compare the performance of pavement sections construction using foamed WMA and traditional HMA. In addition, it was used to investigate the effect of using foamed WMA on the design thickness of the asphalt layer. The results of this study indicated that the effect of the foamed WMA technology on pavement performance was primarily controlled by the combination of the aggregate and binder types used in the mixture. Such that, for mixtures that had natural gravel the influence of the WMA was dependant on the type of asphalt binder used. For the PG 70-22M binder, the WMA resulted in slightly better performance than HMA. On the other hand, for the neat asphalt binder , the use of the WMA significantly increased the rutting and IRI of the pavement structure. In addition, for the limestone mixtures, the use of WMA resulted in similar pavement performance to that of HMA. Meanwhile, the use of the WMA yielded much higher design thickness for the gravel mixture with 64-22 binder, while it did not have a significant effect for all other mixtures.

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Laboratory and Field Evaluations of Foamed Warm-Mix Asphalt Projects

Cited by 64 publications

References 0 publications

Moisture damage characterization of warm-mix asphalt mixtures based on laboratory-field evaluation

Moisture damage characterization of warm-mix asphalt mixtures based on laboratory-field evaluation

Simulation of Aggregate Heating in Asphalt Plants

Investigation of Foamed Warm Mix Asphalt Performance Using the MEPDG

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