Laboratory and Field Evaluation of Exotic Parasitoids ofBemisia tabaci(Gennadius) (Biotype “B”) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas

Goolsby, John A.; Ciomperlik, Matthew A.; Legaspi, Benjamin C.; Legaspi, Jesusa C.; Wendel, Lloyd E.

doi:10.1006/bcon.1998.0624

Cited by 85 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Not surprisingly, some of the most effective natural enemies of this biotype are from the northeast Africa/ Middle East region, yet nearly all countries in this region have current serious problems with the B biotype (Goolsby et al, 1998). This suggests that many of the problems associated with controlling the B biotype may not be the result of having ineffective natural enemies, but are issues instead of crop management.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This suggests that many of the problems associated with controlling the B biotype may not be the result of having ineffective natural enemies, but are issues instead of crop management. Highly effective agents are also found in countries containing biotypes that are quite distinct (Goolsby et al, 1998;De Barro et al, unpublished). This is contrary to one of the tenets of biological control because it suggests, in this case, that knowing the origin of the B biotype is not essential in terms of finding effective agents.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Phylogenetic Relationships of World Populations of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) Using Ribosomal ITS1

Barro

Driver

Trueman

et al. 2000

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

204

188

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic Relationships of World Populations of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) Using Ribosomal ITS1

Barro

Driver

Trueman

et al. 2000

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

204

188

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“…pergandiella attacks many species of whitefly and has been used in the biological control of the sweet potato whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), a worldwide pest of crops (Goolsby et al 1998). Male E. pergandiella develop as parasitoids of many species of wasps.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population Biology of Cytoplasmic Incompatibility: Maintenance and Spread of Cardinium Symbionts in a Parasitic Wasp

2008

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Bacteria that cause cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) are perhaps the most widespread parasites of arthropods. CI symbionts cause reproductive failure when infected males mate with females that are either uninfected or infected with a different, incompatible strain. Until recently, CI was known to be caused only by the a-proteobacterium Wolbachia. Here we present the first study of the population biology of Cardinium, a recently discovered symbiont in the Bacteroidetes that causes CI in the parasitic wasp Encarsia pergandiella (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). Cardinium occurs at high frequency ($92%) in the field. Using wasps that were recently collected in the field, we measured parameters that are crucial for understanding how CI spreads and is maintained in its host. CI Cardinium exhibits near-perfect rates of maternal transmission, causes a strong reduction in viable offspring in incompatible crosses, and induces a high fecundity cost, with infected females producing 18% fewer offspring in the first 4 days of reproduction. We found no evidence for paternal transmission or horizontal transmission of CI Cardinium through parasitism of an infected conspecific. No evidence for cryptic parthenogenesis in infected females was found, nor was sex allocation influenced by infection. We incorporated our laboratory estimates into a model of CI dynamics. The model predicts a high stable equilibrium, similar to what we observed in the field. Interestingly, our model also predicts a high threshold frequency of CI invasion (20% for males and 24% for females), below which the infection is expected to be lost. We consider how this threshold may be overcome, focusing in particular on the sensitivity of CI models to fecundity costs. Overall our results suggest that the factors governing the dynamics of CI Wolbachia and Cardinium are strikingly similar.

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“…As a strain of E. formosa collected in Maryland, USA (the so called Beltsville strain) was considered to be a more promising agent for B. argentifolii control, according to laboratory and greenhouse evaluation (Heinz & Parrella, 1994;van Lenteren & Brasch, 1994;Hoddle et al, 1997;van Lenteren et al, 1997), it was included in the current study, together with the Dutch E. formosa strain for comparison. Field studies showed that in North America Eretmocerus species are the most abundant parasitoids (Goolsby et al, 1998) of B. argentifoliii. Further, inundative releases of Eretmocerus eremicus Rose and Zolnerowich (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) in greenhouses reduce B. argentifolii populations substantially (Hoddle et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life-history parameters of Encarsia formosa, Eretmocerus eremicus and E. mundus, aphelinid parasitoids of Bemisia argentifolii (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)

Qiu

Lenteren

Drost³

et al. 2004

Eur. J. Entomol.

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Abstract. Life-history parameters (juvenile development time, adult longevity, host instar preference and rate of parasitism) of four parasitoids of Bemisia argentifolii (two strains of Encarsia formosa (D and B), Eretmocerus eremicus and Eretmocerus mundus) were studied in the laboratory. At 15°C juvenile development time was the shortest for E. formosa B (48 days), longest for E. eremicus (79.3 days) and intermediate for E. formosa D (62.8 days) and E. mundus (64 days) at 15°C. With increase in temperature, development time decreased to around 14 days for all species/strains at 32°C. The lower developmental threshold for development was 11.5, 8.1, 13.0 and 11.5°C for E. formosa D, E. formosa B, E. eremicus and E. mundus, respectively. E. formosa D and B, and E. mundus all appeared to prefer to parasitize 3 rd instar nymphs. The presence of hosts shortened adult longevity in most of the parasitoids, with the exception of E. formosa B, which lived longer than other species/strains irrespective of the presence of hosts. At 15°C daily parasitism was very low by all parasitoids. The two Encarsia strains had a constant, but low rate of reproduction during adult life, while the two Eretmocerus species had a very high rate of reproduction when one-day old, which then decreased very quickly. Lifetime fecundity, estimated using a non-linear model, indicated that it was higher for the two Encarsia strains than for the Eretmocerus species. Life history parameters reported in the literature for the four parasitoids are reviewed and compared with our results. Finally, the potential value for the biological control of whiteflies on greenhouse crops of parasitoids having either a high reproductive rate over a short period (Eretmocerus spp.) or a low rate of reproduction over a long period (Encarsia spp.) is discussed.

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Laboratory and Field Evaluation of Exotic Parasitoids ofBemisia tabaci(Gennadius) (Biotype “B”) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas

Cited by 85 publications

References 2 publications

Phylogenetic Relationships of World Populations of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) Using Ribosomal ITS1

Phylogenetic Relationships of World Populations of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) Using Ribosomal ITS1

Population Biology of Cytoplasmic Incompatibility: Maintenance and Spread of Cardinium Symbionts in a Parasitic Wasp

Life-history parameters of Encarsia formosa, Eretmocerus eremicus and E. mundus, aphelinid parasitoids of Bemisia argentifolii (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)

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